Al-Qawaid al-Hisan li-Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (114)

Al-Qawaid al-Hisan li-Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Principle Forty-Two: The Rights Due to Allah and to His Messenger

Allah—glorified be He—has distinguished in His Book between His exclusive right, the exclusive right of His Messenger, and the right they share.

Know, then, that rights are of three kinds:

A right that belongs to Allah alone and cannot be accorded to anyone else: that He be worshipped alone, without partner, through every form of devotion.
A right specific to His Messenger ﷺ: to support him, revere him, give him the honor he deserves, follow him, and take him as a model.
A shared right: to believe in Allah and His Messenger, to obey Allah and His Messenger, and to love Allah and to love His Messenger.

Allah mentions these three categories in many Qur’anic verses. His exclusive right is found in every verse that commands His worship, insists on sincerity toward Him, and encourages it—countless passages.

He gathers all three rights in His words in Surah al-Fath: “so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger”—this is shared; “and support him and revere him”—this is specific to the Messenger; “and glorify Him morning and evening” (48:9)—this is the right of Allah alone.

Similarly, His command, “Obey Allah and obey the Messenger,” appears in numerous verses, as does, “Believe in Allah and His Messenger.”

He also says in Surah al-Tawbah: “Allah and His Messenger are more deserving that they should be pleased” (9:62); and: “Allah will soon grant us of His bounty, and so will His Messenger”—this is shared—“indeed, it is to Allah that we turn in hope” (9:59), which is exclusive to Allah the Exalted.

The servant must, however, understand that a shared right does not mean that whatever pertains to Allah in that regard applies to His Messenger in exactly the same way or with all of its particular features. Rather, love, faith, and obedience toward Allah must

القاعدة الثانية والأربعون: الحقوق لله ولرسوله قد ميز الله في كتابه بين حقه الخاص وحق رسوله الخاص والحق المشترك. واعلم بذلك أن الحقوق ثلاثة: حق لله وحده، لا يكون لغيره: وهو عبادته وحده لا شريك له بجميع أنواع العبادات. وحق خاص لرسوله ﷺ: وهو التعزير والتوقير والقيام بحقه اللائق واتباعه والاقتداء به. وحق مشترك: وهو الإيمان بالله ورسوله وطاعة الله ورسوله ومحبة الله ومحبة رسوله. وقد ذكر الله الحقوق الثلاثة في آيات كثيرة من القرآن، فأما حقه الخاص: فكل آية فيها الأمر بعبادته وإخلاص العمل له، والترغيب في ذلك، وهذا شيء لا يحصى. وقد جمع الله ذلك في قوله في سورة الفتح: ﴿لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ ، فهذا مشترك ﴿وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُ﴾ ، فهذا خاص بالرسول ﴿وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلاً﴾ ، [الفتح: ٩] ، فهذا حق لله وحده. وقوله: ﴿وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ﴾ ، في آيات كثيرة. وكذلك: ﴿آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ . وكذلك قوله في سورة التوبة: ﴿وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوه﴾ [التوبة: ٦٢] ، وقوله تعالى: ﴿سَيُؤْتِينَا اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ﴾ ، فهذا مشترك ﴿إِنَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ رَاغِبُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٥٩] ، وهذا مختص بالله تعالى. ولكن ينبغي أن يعرف العبد أن الحق المشترك ليس معناه أن ما لله منه يثبت لرسوله مثله ونظيره في كل خصائصه، بل المحبة والإيمان والطاعة لله لابد