• Now, since the very category of dreams contains three distinct kinds, it is essential to differentiate one from the others.
• Some people—even shaykhs known for their learning and devotion—base such claims on nothing more than a story related from an unidentified source. One of them may say, “My brother al-Khiḍr told me that al-Ḥusayn’s grave is in such-and-such a place.” Yet it is well-established, as we have explained elsewhere, that al-Khiḍr has passed away (1). Or a person may see someone who says, “I am al-Khiḍr,” or the dreamer may simply presume it is him; all such assertions are inadmissible.
• Reports of a pleasant scent, a breach of normal causality, or similar phenomena connected to the grave do not identify the occupant—whether it be So-and-so or So-and-so. At most, and only if the report is verified, it indicates piety: that the grave belongs to a righteous man or a prophet (2).
• The fragrance itself may well be something produced by those who make a living from the grave, for such practices are common among them. One of our colleagues told me of two men who appeared on the banks of the Euphrates. One of them already possessed a grave from which he collected money offered by misguided visitors making vows. The other seized upon a different grave—claiming that he had seen in a dream that it was the tomb of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf—and he filled it with various perfumes until a powerful aroma arose from it.
• The neighbors of the grave on Mount Lebanon in the Biqāʿ—said to be Noah’s—also related to me what had happened. Its notoriety emerged only recently, in the middle of the seventh century, and it began when they caught a scent emanating from the grave