of al-Ḥusayn (may Allah be pleased with him)—for everyone agrees that this particular shrine was erected in the mid-540s AH after it had been transported from a shrine in Ashkelon, and that the Ashkelon shrine itself had first been established sometime after 490 AH.
Thus the Cairene shrine ultimately stems from that Ashkelon shrine. The Ashkelon structure was created more than 430 years after al-Ḥusayn’s martyrdom, while the Cairene one dates to almost 500 years after it. On this point there is no disagreement among any of the scholars who have spoken on the subject—whether ḥadīth specialists, compilers of Cairo’s chronicles, writers of general history, or the scholars who transmitted such knowledge generation after generation (1).
This fact is well known and multiply attested. Whether one holds its attribution to al-Ḥusayn to be true or false, none disputes that the building was moved from Ashkelon during the closing years of the Fāṭimid regime.
Since, by unanimous testimony and recurrent transmission, the Cairene shrine derives from the Ashkelon one, it is evident that the claim, “The Ashkelon shrine was built over al-Ḥusayn’s head,” rests on no evidence at all. No competent scholar—neither the ḥadīth experts, nor the historians and chroniclers, nor the genealogists of Quraysh or of Banū Hāshim—has ever transmitted such a report.
Indeed, the Ashkelon shrine itself was invented only at the end of the fifth century AH; it was not ancient. Before its construction there was no site in that locale associated with al-Ḥusayn, no inscribed stone, nothing whatsoever that could be taken as a marker.
It is therefore clear that attributing a structure like this to al-Ḥusayn is a claim made without knowledge. Those who advance it possess nothing reliable—not a sound report, nor even a weak one. In truth, their assertion is no different from a man’s coming to some ordinary grave and