Pronouncing the Intention
Question: In our country we have been taught that every act of worship requires an intention. Therefore, before we start the prayer we pronounce the intention aloud. If doing so is impermissible or an innovation, what then is the meaning of the ḥadīth, “Actions are only by intentions”?
Answer: Indeed, every deed needs an intention, as indicated by the ḥadīth you quoted in which the Messenger ﷺ said, “Actions are only by intentions, and each person will have only what he intended.” This, however, does not mean that you should utter the intention. Rather, it means that you affirm it in your heart and resolve within yourself to perform the act for Allah. That is sufficient, for the place of the intention is the heart, not the tongue, and pronouncing it is an innovation. Nothing authentic has been reported from the Prophet ﷺ, his rightly guided caliphs, his Companions, or the early virtuous generations showing that they used to verbalize the intention. The intention resides solely in the heart. Allah the Exalted says: “Say, ‘Are you informing Allah about your religion while Allah knows whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth? And Allah is Knowing of all things.’” ⦗49:16⦘. Therefore, once you intend in your heart and aim with your heart, Allah knows that, and there is no need for you to articulate it with your tongue.
***
Wiping the Neck in Minor Ablution
Question: Is washing or wiping the neck one of the obligatory or recommended acts of minor ablution, or not?
Answer: Wiping the neck is neither a recommended act nor an obligation of minor ablution, because Allah, Exalted is He, has specified the limbs that are to be washed and those that are to be wiped. He, the Exalted, said: