Question: If we assume that the purchase of this land was valid, does the price of the cow he slaughtered as an udhiyah reduce the amount he owes for the land, given that he had even borrowed the purchase money from his uncle?

Answer: As we have mentioned, if the sacrifice was carried out on the basis of a bequest (waṣiyyah) from the uncle, it is exempted from the estate because the uncle was permitted to bequeath up to one-third of his property. Consequently, if the cow—or its equivalent value—can be taken from that one-third, and the funds are part of what the questioner still owes the deceased, the bequest is effective. In that case the cost of the cow is deducted from the price of the land that remains a debt owed to the uncle’s estate, since it falls within the allowable one-third.

If, however, the uncle left no such bequest, then the sacrifice is simply a voluntary act by the one who performed it, and he has no right to be reimbursed from the estate.

Inheritance of the wife, mother, daughters, and siblings

Question: Please clarify the exact share of each heir in the following scenario: A man dies leaving his wife, his mother, and two daughters, in addition to twelve brothers and one sister. How should his estate be divided among them?

Answer: The mother receives one-sixth, the wife one-eighth, and the two daughters two-thirds. Thus, we allot the estate twenty-four equal shares: the wife receives three shares (one-eighth), the mother four shares (one-sixth), and the two daughters sixteen shares (two-thirds), eight each. One share remains for the siblings. If they are all full siblings, that single share is divided among them, with the male receiving the portion of two females, together with their sister,