Question: May we draw an analogy between the forbidden omen-taking (ṭiyarah) and optimism (tafāʾul)? For instance, if a person sees a beautiful bird at the start of his day, or someone brings him pleasant news, and he therefore expects the rest of the day to be happy, is that the same?
Answer: As for merely seeing a lovely bird and the like, I know of no textual basis that assigns it any particular effect. Optimism, however, is something praiseworthy, for the Prophet ﷺ loved al-faʾl—good omens. Al-faʾl is anticipating good, whereas ṭiyarah is anticipating evil and entertaining bad thoughts about Allah, Exalted is He. Whenever the Prophet ﷺ heard a pleasing word, it delighted him.
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The Human Being: Compelled or Free to Choose?
Question: Please clarify: in this worldly life, is a human being free to choose or compelled? The noble verse, “Whoever wishes, let him believe; and whoever wishes, let him disbelieve” [al-Kahf 18:29], appears to indicate that man is free; while the verse, “You do not will except that Allah, Lord of the worlds, wills” [at-Takwīr 81:29], seems to indicate that he is compelled. What is the meaning of these two verses? Is there any contradiction between them, or not?
Answer: The human being is at once compelled and given a choice; both aspects combine within him. He is compelled in the sense that Allah’s decree and predestination run their course over him, and he is subject to them in the created, cosmic sense: he can never escape what Allah has decreed for him. From this angle, he is compelled.
Yet with respect to his own deeds, movements, and conduct, he is free to choose, for he performs or refrains from actions by his own will, intention, and choice. From this angle, he is free.