— according to the sound opinion, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Afṭara al-ḥājim wa-l-maḥjūm” (“The one who performs cupping and the one who is cupped have broken their fast”).

• Menstruation (ḥayḍ) and post-partum bleeding (nifās) likewise invalidate the fast. A woman experiencing either state is forbidden to fast until the bleeding ceases.

• Intentionally inducing vomiting (al-istiqāʾ): if a person forces himself to vomit, his fast is broken; but if he vomits involuntarily, because the nausea overcomes him, his fast remains valid. In the same way, if he eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, his fast is not affected.

Question: Does blood that leaves the body against one’s will—because of an accident or a cut—invalidate the fast?

Answer: No. If blood exits without choice—for example, a wound that bleeds or a spontaneous nosebleed—the fast is not broken, even if the bleeding is heavy, for it was unintentional. The fast is only invalidated for the person who performs cupping or phlebotomy and the one on whom it is performed, because they deliberately draw out the blood, and because of the ḥadith concerning the cupper and the one cupped.

Question: Is donating blood during the day in Ramadan treated the same as this deliberate act?

Answer: Yes. If one donates a large amount of blood, his fast is invalidated, because it is analogous to cupping.