Answer: It has been reported that when the Prophet ﷺ broke his fast he would say, “dhahaba al-ẓamaʾ wa-ibtallati al-ʿurūq wa-thabata al-ajr in shāʾ Allāh” (Thirst has gone, the veins have been moistened, and the reward is confirmed, if Allah wills). It is also narrated from some of the Companions that when they broke their fast they would say, “Allāhumma laka ṣumtu wa ʿalā rizqika aftartu, faghfir lī innaka anta al-ghafūr al-raḥīm” (O Allah, for Your sake I have fasted and with Your provision I have broken my fast; so forgive me, for You are the All-Forgiving, Most Merciful).
As for the pre-dawn meal (suḥūr), to the best of my knowledge no specific supplication has been authentically transmitted for that time. Allah knows best.
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Nullifiers of the Fast
Question: What, in general, invalidates the fast?
Answer: The things that break the fast include the following:
- Eating and drinking deliberately.
- Sexual intercourse.
- The deliberate emission of semen (ejaculation).
- Introducing anything into the body so that it reaches the internal cavity, such as liquid drops placed in the eye, ear, or nose; if the drops reach the throat, the fast is broken because one has intentionally allowed liquid to enter the body.
- Receiving nutritive injections; if the fasting person takes injections that provide nourishment, his fast is invalidated because they serve the purpose of food and drink.
- The removal of a large amount of blood through ḥijāma (wet cupping) or through fasd (phlebotomy),