Rather, it must be performed within its prescribed time, in proportion to one’s ability and capacity. A patient in the situation described—unable to face the qiblah and unable to perform minor ablution—should pray in whatever manner he can. He must not postpone the prayer beyond its time, nor should he wait until someone arrives to help him face the qiblah or to prepare water for ablution once the time has expired; that is impermissible. Instead, when he fears that the time for the dawn prayer will run out, he must offer it as he is, even without ablution. If he can resort to dry ablution, then he is obliged to do so; but if he cannot, he prays in whatever state he is in. If he can face the qiblah he must do so; otherwise he should turn in whatever direction he is able. This is because the Most High says, “So fear Allah as much as you are able” (64:16) and He also says, “Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity” (2:286); and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “When I command you to do something, do of it whatever you are able.”
In summary, it is not permissible either to delay the dawn prayer beyond its time or to perform it before its time; it must be offered within its appointed time according to one’s means and capability.
Permissibility of praying without the adhan
Question: I have heard that it is not permissible to pray without calling the adhan. I work alone out in the desert, and I do pray—praise be to Allah—but without an adhan. Is my prayer valid or not? If it is invalid, what must I do about my previous prayers? Please advise me, and may Allah reward you with every good.