Missing the First Bowing of the Eclipse Prayer

Question: If a congregant arrives late to the eclipse prayer and misses the first bowing of the first rakʿah, catching only the second bowing and the four prostrations, is he required to make up what he missed? How should he do so?

Answer: The second bowing in the eclipse prayer is a Sunnah act, and the rakʿah is not counted by it. Therefore, if you enter while the imam is in the second bowing—whether of the first or the second rakʿah—you have not attained that rakʿah. Nevertheless, join the imam in that bowing to share in its virtue. When the imam ends the prayer with the salām, stand and perform what you missed in its proper form: one complete rakʿah with two bowings followed by two prostrations.

Missing a Rakʿah of the ʿEid or Rain-Seeking Prayer

Question: If a congregant misses one rakʿah of the ʿEid prayer or the rain-seeking prayer (ṣalāt al-istisqāʾ), must he repeat the extra takbīrs as the imam did before reciting al-Fātiḥah?

Answer: Whoever misses the ʿEid or rain-seeking prayer is recommended to make it up exactly as prescribed. If he misses the entire prayer, he performs it with all its features, including the additional takbīrs. If he misses only part of it—such as one rakʿah—he joins the imam for what remains, and when the imam concludes with the salām he rises and completes the portion he missed in the same manner, repeating the takbīrs. And Allah, the Most High, knows best.