Question: Suppose I arrive for the Dhuhr prayer before the adhan and pray four rakʿahs. When the muezzin then calls the adhan, do those four count as the Sunnah ratibah, or must I still perform the two-rakʿah Dhuhr ratibah after the adhan?
Answer: What is essential is that the prayer be performed after the time has begun. If the time for Dhuhr had already entered and you intended those rakʿahs as the ratibah, they are sufficient.
If the time had not yet begun, the prayer you offered beforehand will not count as the ratibah. The same applies if you did not intend the ratibah—if you prayed a general, unspecific voluntary prayer with no such intention, it does not replace the ratibah, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Actions are only by intentions, and each person shall have only what he intended.” Thus, when the two conditions are met—(1) the time has entered and (2) you intend the prayer as the ratibah—the prayer is valid and suffices for the ratibah. Otherwise, it remains merely a general voluntary prayer.
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The Witr Prayer
Question: I usually pray Witr as three rakʿahs, yet I have heard that it may be prayed as eleven. How should I offer it—two by two, four at a time; what is the correct way?
Answer: The minimum for Witr is a single rakʿah; the lowest level of completeness is three rakʿahs, and the highest level of completeness is eleven. If you choose to pray eleven rakʿahs, pronounce salām after every two rakʿahs, and when you reach the final rakʿah, offer it on its own as the closing Witr.