Majmu FatawaSalih Al-Fawzan

the early idolaters—just as Allah, the Exalted, said about them:

“They worship, instead of Allah, that which can neither harm nor benefit them, and they say, ‘These are our intercessors with Allah.’” ⦗Yūnus 10:18⦘

And as He also said:

“Those who have taken patrons apart from Him say, ‘We only worship them so that they may bring us nearer to Allah in rank.’” ⦗Az-Zumar 39:3⦘

The first idolaters knew full well that these dead beings and those invoked besides Allah had no power to create, provide, give life, or cause death; they acknowledged that such powers belong to Allah alone. What they wanted from them was nothing more than intercession and mediation—precisely the same excuse advanced today by their brothers in polytheism.

***

Tawassul by Means of the Prophet ﷺ

Question: Is it permissible to make tawassul through the Prophet ﷺ?

Answer: The term tawassul is broad and needs clarification:

  1. When tawassul through the Prophet ﷺ—or through anyone else—means asking that person, while he is alive, to supplicate for one’s need, such as going to a righteous man and saying, “Pray to Allah for me that He grant me such-and-such,” there is no objection to it.

The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, practiced this when they sought rain through al-‘Abbās during the prayer for rain (ṣalāt al-istisqāʾ). ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “O Allah, we used to make tawassul to You through our Prophet and You blessed us with rain; now we make tawassul to You through the uncle of our Prophet—so send us rain.” He then instructed al-‘Abbās to supplicate, and al-‘Abbās prayed to Allah, the Exalted.

Tawassul of this sort—whose essence is requesting supplication from a living person—is lawful and unobjectionable.

الأولين، كما قال تعالى عنهم: ﴿وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ [يونس: ١٨] ، وكما قال الله تعالى عنهم: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَى﴾ [الزمر: ٣] ، المشركون الأولون يعلمون أن هؤلاء الأموات والمدعوين من دون الله لا يقدرون على الخلق والرزق والإحياء والإماتة، يعترفون أن هذا لله ﷾، وإنما يريدون من هؤلاء مجرد الشفاعة، ومجرد الوساطة، وما أشبه ذلك، مما يتعلل به إخوانهم من المشركين اليوم. *** التوسل بالنبي ﷺ سؤال: هل يجوز التوسل بالنبي ﷺ؟ الجواب: التوسل فيه إجمال ينبغي تفصيله: التوسل بالنبي ﷺ أو بغيره، إذا كان المقصود منه طلب الدعاء من الشخص في حياته، بأن يأتي إلى رجل صالح ويقول: ادع الله لي بكذا وكذا، فهذا لا بأس به. فقد توسل الصحابة رضي الله تعالى عنهم بالعباس، بالاستسقاء، وقال عمر ﵁: اللهم إنا كنا نتوسل إليك بنبينا فتسقينا، وإنا نتوسل إليك بعم نبينا فاسقنا، ثم أمر العباس فدعا الله ﷿. فالتوسل الذي من هذا القبيل، الذي معناه: طلب الدعاء من الشخص في حياته هذا لا بأس به.

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