—“If any one of you feels something in his abdomen and is uncertain whether something has come out, let him not leave his prayer until he hears a sound or detects an odor.” Hence certainty is not overruled by doubt, whether in matters of ritual purity or anything else.
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Description of the ritual bath after major impurity
Question: What is the best method for performing the ritual bath (ghusl) after major impurity?
Answer: The best and most complete method is the one reported from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He would first cleanse the private parts, then perform minor ablution as he does for prayer. Next, he would scoop water onto his head three times, running his fingers through the hair, and then pour water over the rest of his body three times. After finishing the bath, he would wash his feet. This is the manner transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ.
Question: The intention is, of course, made inwardly?
Answer: He forms the intention, pronounces the basmalah, washes his hands three times, then washes his private parts and anything soiled, performs the ablution for prayer—delaying the washing of the feet—then bathes the entire body, and finally washes the feet. This is the description of ghusl for major impurity.
Question: If he merely lets water flow over his whole body, is that sufficient?
Answer: What suffices is that he intends to lift both the minor and major states of impurity, then pours water over his entire body once. That is sufficient.