Majmu Fatawa - Salih Al-Fawzan - (1/161)

Majmu FatawaSalih Al-Fawzan

Answer: In these verses Allah, exalted be His majesty, relates a specific legal case. David (peace be upon him) delivered therein a judgment in accordance with Allah’s law, while Solomon (peace be upon him) delivered a different judgment.

The case was that a flock of sheep strayed at night into another people’s farmland—“nafashat fīhi,” meaning they damaged it and consumed its produce. The owners of the cultivated land came to David (peace be upon him) seeking a verdict against the owners of the sheep. David ruled that the sheep should be handed over to the farmers as compensation for the loss of their crop.

When Solomon heard that ruling, he gave another verdict: the owners of the sheep were to irrigate and tend the field until it returned to its former state, while the sheep would remain with the farmers, who could benefit from them and drink their milk in lieu of the crop they had lost. Once the field was fully restored, it would be returned to its owners and the sheep would be returned to their owners.

Allah, majestic and exalted, cited this story and the two rulings, saying, “And [mention] David and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field when the sheep of a certain people strayed therein by night, and We were witnesses to their judgment. Then We enabled Solomon to understand it” ⦗21:78-79⦘, and He praised both prophets with His words, “And to each of them We gave judgment and knowledge.”

Some scholars say David ruled by revelation and Solomon ruled by revelation as well, so Solomon’s ruling abrogated David’s. Others say both prophets ruled by ijtihad (independent legal reasoning), which serves as evidence that prophets are capable of ijtihad.

In any case, this is part of the judicial wisdom of the two prophets, peace be upon them both, and Allah, exalted be He, has narrated it to His servants as a lesson and a reminder.
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Exegesis of Sura al-Nur

Question: Allah the Exalted says in His Noble Book, “Corrupt women are for corrupt men, and corrupt men for corrupt women; and good women are for good men, and good men for good women” ⦗al-Nur 24:26⦘. Does

الجواب: هذه الآية، ذكر الله جل وعلا فيها قضية وحادثة حكم فيها داود ﵇ بحكم الله، وحكم فيها سليمان ﵇ بحكم آخر، وهذه القضية هي أن غنمًا رعت في مزرعة قوم في الليل، ﴿نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ﴾ أفسدت فيها وأكلتها ليلًا، فتقدم أهل الحرث إلى داود ﵇، ليحكم بينهم وبين أهل هذه الغنم، فداود حكم بأن الغنم تكون لأجل الحرث عوضًا عن حرثهم، ثم إن سليمان لما سمع الحكم، حكم بحكم آخر، وهو أن يقوم أصحاب الغنم على سقي الحرث وتعاهده حتى يتكامل، وتكون الغنم بأيدي أصحاب الحرث يستغلونها ويشربون من ألبانها عوضًا عما فاتهم من الحرث، فإذا تكامل الحرث كما كان سلم لأهل الحرث حرثهم، وسلم لأهل الغنم غنمهم، فالله جل وعلا ذكر هذه القضية، وذكر هذين الحكمين ﴿وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ﴾ ثم أثنى على النبيين بقوله: ﴿وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا﴾ . قيل: إن داود حكم بالوحي، وسليمان حكم بالوحي، فيكون حكم سليمان ناسخًا لحكم داود. وقيل: إن كلا النبيين حكما بالاجتهاد، وهذا فيه دليل على أن الأنبياء يجتهدون. وعلى كل حال، هذا من حكم النبيين عليهما الصلاة والسلام، والله جل وعلا ذكر هذا لعباده عبرة وتبصرة. *** تفسير سورة النور سؤال: يقول الله تعالى في كتابه العزيز: ﴿الْخَبِيثَاتُ لِلْخَبِيثِينَ وَالْخَبِيثُونَ لِلْخَبِيثَاتِ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلطَّيِّبِينَ وَالطَّيِّبُونَ لِلطَّيِّبَاتِ﴾ [النور: ٢٦] الآية، هل