The expression “over which a name other than Allah is invoked” comprises two cases:

1. An animal slaughtered as an act of worship for someone besides Allah—even if the slaughterer utters Allah’s Name.
2. An animal not slaughtered as a devotional offering, yet at the moment of slaughter the slaughterer pronounces a name other than Allah, exalted be He.

The Arabic term ihlâl originally means “to raise one’s voice,” and in this context it refers to the two situations just mentioned.

• Al-munkhaniqah (the strangled): a specification of carrion cited earlier in the verse. It is an animal that strangles itself—or is strangled with a rope or any tight object—until it dies from asphyxiation.

• Al-mawqûdhah (the beaten): an animal struck with a heavy object and killed by the blow. Even if some blood flows, the blunt instrument does not cut; it kills by the force of its weight, crushing the animal to death.

• Al-mutaraddiyah (the fallen): an animal that plummets from a height—such as a roof, mountain, wall, pit, or well—and dies from the fall.

• An-naṭîḥah (the gored): an animal that locks horns with another and dies from the butting, as often happens with goats or cattle.

• “Whatever a beast of prey has devoured”: any creature mauled by a predator that attacks with its fangs or claws—whether a wolf, lion, or other land or bird of prey. If the prey dies as a result of that mauling, it is unlawful to eat.