Sharh Thalathat al-UsulSalih Al-Fawzan

Treatise Four
The Three Fundamentals That Must Be Known

Fundamental One: Knowing Allah, exalted is He.

If someone asks you, “What are the three fundamentals that must be known?” then answer: for the servant to know his Lord, his religion, and his Prophet Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. [1]

(1) His phrase “the usul” is the plural of asl. An asl is that on which something else is built, whereas a far‘ is what is built upon another. These three are therefore called “foundations,” because every other matter of the religion is constructed upon them; in fact, the whole of the faith revolves around these three fundamentals. His phrase “the servant’s knowledge of his Lord”: the word rabbahu (“his Lord”) appears in the accusative because it is the object of the verbal noun maʿrifa (“knowledge”). In Arabic grammar, when a verbal noun is annexed to its agent—as maʿrifa is here to al-ʿabd (“the servant”)—it governs its object just as the corresponding verb would.
الرسالة الرابعة : الأصول الثلاثة التي تجب معرفتها الأصل الأول: معرفة الله ﷿ فإذا قيل لك ما هي الأصول الثلاثة التي تجب مَعْرِفَتُهَا؟ فَقُلْ: مَعْرِفَةُ الْعَبْدِ رَبَّهُ، وَدِينَهُ، وَنَبِيَّهُ محمد ﷺ[١]
[١] قوله: الأصول: جمع أصل، والأصل ما يبنى عليه غيره، والفرع ما يبنى على غيره، فهذه سميت بالأصول، لأنها يبنى عليها غيرها من أمر الدين؛ فلذلك سميت أصولا لأنها يبنى عليها أمر الدين. وكل الدين يدور على هذه الأصول الثلاثة. قوله: معرفة العبد ربه: ربه منصوب، لأنه مفعول لمعرفة، لأن المصدر (معرفة) أضيف إلى اسم الفاعل (العبد) والمصدر إذا أضيف يعمل عمل فعله عند النحويين، فالمصدر هنا أضيف فيعمل عمل الفعل.

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