that is, cleanse your deeds of shirk (associating partners with Allah), for deeds are likened to garments. The Almighty says, “But the garment of piety—that is best” (Al-Aʿrāf 7:26), thus He called God-fearingness a garment.

As for al-rijz, it refers to the idols.

So abandon them: leave them and keep far away from them.

Allah commissioned him at the age of forty. He then remained in Mecca for thirteen years calling people to tawḥīd (pure monotheism) and to forsake the worship of idols. During that time negotiations took place between him and the polytheists; harm befell him and those who believed in and followed him, and the idolaters continually harassed them throughout those thirteen years. Three years before the Hijrah he was taken on the Night Journey to Jerusalem and then ascended to the heavens, and the five daily prayers were made obligatory upon him, so he observed them in Mecca for three years. Quraysh subsequently plotted to kill him and be rid of him, whereupon Allah permitted him to migrate to Madinah. He emigrated there after meeting the Helpers during the First and Second Pledges of al-ʿAqabah.

He migrated to Madinah and resided there for ten years, bringing the total to twenty-three years. After prophethood he lived, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for twenty-three years—thirteen in Mecca laying the foundations of the call to tawḥīd, and ten