(Q 33:40), and He also says: “Those who believe and do righteous deeds and believe in what has been sent down to Muhammad—and it is the truth from their Lord” (Q 47:2). Thus Allah mentions his name, Muhammad, in several verses.

Among his other names is Ahmad, as Allah relates in the glad tidings given by Jesus, peace be upon him: “Jesus son of Mary said, ‘O Children of Israel, I am indeed the messenger of Allah to you, confirming what is before me of the Torah and giving good news of a messenger who will come after me whose name is Ahmad’ ” (Q 61:6). Hence he is both Muhammad and Ahmad, meaning one who is abundantly praised and possessed of many praiseworthy qualities.

His titles further include the Prophet of Mercy; the Prophet of Battle—that is, striving in the path of Allah; al-Hasher; and al-ʿAqib, upon him be peace and blessings, the one after whom people will be gathered. He is the last of the messengers, God bless him and grant him peace, and after him nothing remains but the coming of the Hour. Once his mission has been delivered, the Hour will be established and humankind will be assembled for requital and reckoning.

Whoever wishes to study these matters in greater depth should consult Jalaʾ al-Afhām fī al-Ṣalāti wa-l-Salām ʿalā Khayr al-Anām by Imām Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him.

As for his lineage, he is Muhammad son of ʿAbd Allah son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib son of Hāshim son of ʿAbd Manāf son of Qusayy son of Kilāb.