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Evidence for iḥsān
The Exalted says: “Indeed, Allah is with those who are mindful of Him and those who excel in doing good” (al-Naḥl 128).
He also says: “So place your trust in the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful, who sees you when you rise and your turning among those who prostrate. Surely He alone is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing” (al-Shuʿarāʾ 217–220).
And He, the Exalted, says: “Whatever business you may be engaged in, whatever portion of the Quran you recite, and whatever deed you perform, We are Witnesses over you when you are immersed in it. Not even the weight of an atom on earth or in heaven escapes your Lord, nor anything smaller than that nor greater, but it is recorded in a clear Book” (Yūnus 61). ⦗47⦘
only the people of true faith can enter it, and they are of two kinds: those whose iman (faith) is complete and those whose iman is deficient; thus both the sinful believer and the God-fearing believer belong here.
The third circle, narrower still, is the circle of ihsan (spiritual excellence) as defined by the Prophet ﷺ; none may enter it except those whose iman is complete.
(47) Proof for the first degree of ihsan lies in the verse: “Indeed, Allah is with those who are mindful of Him and those who excel in doing good” (Quran 16:128). The verse plainly states that Allah is with the muhsinun (people of ihsan).
دليل الإحسان
وَالدَّلِيلُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ مُحْسِنُونَ﴾ [النحل: ١٢٨] ، وقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ الَّذِي يَرَاكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ [الشعراء: ٢١٧-٢٢٠] ، وقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا تَكُونُ فِي شَأْنٍ وَمَا تَتْلُو مِنْهُ مِنْ قُرْآنٍ وَلَا تَعْمَلُونَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ إِلَّا كُنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ شُهُودًا إِذْ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ وَمَا يَعْزُبُ عَنْ رَبِّكَ مِنْ مِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ وَلَا أَصْغَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَكْبَرَ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ [يونس: ٦١] . [٤٧]
وإنما يدخل فيها أهل الإيمان، وهم على قسمين: إيمان كامل، وإيمان ناقص، فيدخل فيها مؤمن فاسق، أو مؤمن تقي.
الدائرة الثالثة: وهي أضيق من الثانية، دائرة الإحسان، وهي كما بينها النبي ﷺ، ولا يدخل فيها إلا أهل الإيمان الكامل.
[٤٧] هذا دليل المرتبة الأولى من الإحسان: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ مُحْسِنُونَ﴾ ، دلت الآية أن الله مع المحسنين