Sharh Thalathat al-UsulSalih Al-Fawzan

and faith, and excellence [30].

Islam is the broadest category, iman (faith) is narrower than Islam, and ihsan (spiritual excellence) is narrower than iman. The circle of Islam is wide: hypocrites are included in it whenever they submit to Islam, display it, and outwardly adhere to it—praying with the Muslims, paying zakat, and performing the visible acts. They are therefore called Muslims, and in this world the rulings of Islam apply to them; they enjoy the same rights and bear the same obligations as other Muslims. In the Hereafter, however, they will be in the lowest level of the Fire, because they possess no true iman but only a superficial Islam. [30] Concerning the term iman: this is the second level, and believers vary in rank. Among them are the muqarrabun (those brought near) and the abrar (the righteous). The muqarrabun occupy the highest degrees; the abrar come below them. There is also the one who wrongs himself—that is, the person who commits major sins short of shirk. Such a person is a sinful believer, or a believer whose iman is deficient. The Exalted said: “Then We bequeathed the Book to those of Our servants whom We chose; among them is one who wrongs himself, among them one who is moderate, and among them one who hastens to good deeds by Allah’s permission. That is the supreme bounty” (Surah Fatir 35:32).
والإيمان، والإحسان [٣٠] .
فالإسلام أوسع، والإيمان أضيق من الإسلام، والإحسان أضيق من الإيمان. فدائرة الإسلام واسعة، المنافقون يدخلون فيها إذا انقادوا إلى الإسلام وأظهروه والتزموا به ظاهرا، إذا صلوا مع المسلمين وزكوا وعملوا العمال الظاهرة، يسمون مسلمين، وتطبق عليهم أحكام المسلمين في الدنيا، فلهم ما للمسلمين وعليهم ما على المسلمين، لكنهم في الآخرة في الدرك الأسفل من النار؛ لأنهم ليس عندهم إيمان وإنما عندهم إسلام ظاهري فقط. [٣٠] قوله: الإيمان: هذه هي المرتبة الثانية، والمؤمنون يتفاوتون؛ منهم المقربون، ومنهم الأبرار، والمقربون هم أصحاب أعلى الدرجات، والأبرار دونهم، ومنهم الظالم لنفسه وهو المرتكب للكبائر التي هي دون الشرك، فهو مؤمن فاسق، أو مؤمن ناقص الإيمان، قال تعالى: ﴿ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ﴾ [فاطر: ٣٢] .

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