—so do not invoke anyone alongside Allah.” Do not turn these mosques and their precincts into places of shirk by calling upon other than Allah. The mosques must be cleansed of all traces of shirk: no graves inside them, no supplications addressed to anyone but Allah, and no innovations, newly-invented practices, or heterodox Sufi gatherings. Because the mosques belong to Allah, they must also be purged of every innovation, form of shirk, and act of disobedience; only what pleases Allah is permitted therein. Therefore do not call upon anyone beside Him in these mosques, and do not use your limbs to prostrate to anyone but Allah. Doing so is major shirk, like prostrating to an idol, a grave, or a statue, for such a person is bowing to other than Allah. The decisive proof lies in His words, “so do not invoke anyone alongside Allah,” which commands that supplication be devoted exclusively to Him. The word “anyone” is all-inclusive: every being invoked apart from Allah—whether an angel, a prophet, a saint, a tree, or a stone—falls under this prohibition, and calling upon it constitutes major shirk.