Al-Qawl al-Sadid fi al-Radd ala Man Ankara Taqsim al-Tawhid - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (39)

Al-Qawl al-Sadid fi al-Radd ala Man Ankara Taqsim al-TawhidAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

through analogical reasoning that His oneness is known; for analogy applies to something that has a likeness and a counterpart. Allah—exalted and holy is He—has neither likeness nor counterpart. Blessed is Allah, the best of creators.

Then he said: How can His oneness be understood through analogy when He is the Creator of creation, unlike His creation, and nothing is like Him—blessed and exalted is He? Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—has commanded you to believe in everything His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, brought. He said:

‘Say, “O mankind, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all, from Him to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. There is no deity except Him; He gives life and causes death. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believes in Allah and His words, and follow him so that you may be guided.”’ 1

Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—has thus commanded you to follow, listen, and obey. If the community were given latitude to seek an understanding of Allah’s oneness and to pursue faith through personal opinion, analogy, and desire, they would go astray. Have you not heard the words of Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He:

‘Had the truth followed their desires, the heavens and the earth and whoever is in them would have been ruined.’ 2

Understand, then, the explanation given for this.”3

This report was also transmitted by the imam and hadith master Qiwām al-Sunnah Abū al-Qāsim Ismāʿīl al-Taymī al-Asbahānī (d. 535 AH) in his book “The Proof in Clarifying the Path and Explaining Allah’s Oneness and the Doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah.” Because of the importance he attached to it, he devoted a separate section to it, entitled: “Section on the prohibition of seeking to know the ‘how’ of the attributes of Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He.” He related it with his chain of transmission through al-Sarakhsī4.

This report from Abū Yūsuf, transmitted by these two imams, is of great significance and encompasses the three categories of Allah’s oneness: His oneness in lordship, His exclusive right to be worshipped, and His oneness in His names and attributes.

(1) Surah al-A‘rāf, verse 158. (2) Surah al-Mu’minūn, verse 71. (3) Ibn Mandah, al-Tawhīd (Monotheism), 3:304–306. (4) See al-Taymī, al-Hujjah (The Proof), 1:111–113.

التوحيد بالقياس؛ لأنَّ القياس يكون في شيء له شبه ومثل، فالله تعالى وتقدس لا شبه له ولا مثل له تبارك الله أحسن الخالقين. ثم قال: وكيف يدرك التوحيد بالقياس وهو خالق الخلق بخلاف الخلق ليس كمثله شيء ﵎. وقد أمرك الله ﷿ أن تؤمن بكلِّ ما أتى به نبيه ﷺ فقال: ﴿قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعاً الذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَآمِنُوا باللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الأُمِّيِّ الذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ﴾ ١، فقد أمرك الله ﷿ بأن تكون تابعاً سامعاً مطيعاً ولو يوسّع على الأمة التماس التوحيد وابتغاء الإيمان برأيه وقياسه وهواه إذاً لضلوا، ألم تسمع إلى قول الله ﷿: ﴿وَلَوِ اتَّبَعَ الْحَقُّ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ لَفَسَدَتِ السَّمَوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ﴾ ٢، فافهم ما فسر به ذلك"٣. ورواه أيضاً الإمام الحافظ قوام السنة أبو القاسم إسماعيل التيمي الأصبهاني المتوفى سنة ٥٣٥هـ في كتابه "الحجة في بيان المحجة وشرح التوحيد ومذهب أهل السنة" ولأهميته عنده خصه بفصل مستقل فقال: "فصل في النهي عن طلب كيفية صفات الله ﷿" وذكره بإسناده من طريق السرخسي به٤. وأثر أبي يوسف هذا الذي رواه هذان الإمامان عظيم القدر مشتمل على أقسام التوحيد الثلاثة: توحيد الربوبية وتوحيد الألوهية وتوحيد الأسماء والصفات.

١ سورة الأعراف، الآية ١٥٨. ٢ سورة المؤمنون، الآية ٧١. ٣ التوحيد لابن مندة (٣/٣٠٤٣٠٦) . ٤ انظر: الحجة للتيمي (١/١١١١١٣) .