Al-Qawl al-Sadid fi al-Radd ala Man Ankara Taqsim al-Tawhid - Abd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr - (38)

Al-Qawl al-Sadid fi al-Radd ala Man Ankara Taqsim al-TawhidAbd al-Razzaq ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Badr

He will take you in death.’ 1 And He said:

‘And in yourselves. Then will you not see?’ 2

That is, you recognize that these things have a Lord who transforms them, brings them forth, and restores them, and that you have been brought into being and have One who brought you into being. Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—has guided His creatures through His creation only so that they may recognize that they have a Lord whom they are to worship and obey, and whose oneness they are to affirm; so that they may know that He brought them into being when they had not existed. Then He declared His names, saying: ‘I am the Most Merciful; I am the Bestower of Mercy; I am the Creator; I am the All-Powerful; and I am the Sovereign.’ That is, the One who brought you into being is called the Sovereign, the All-Powerful, Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy, and He is described by these names.

Then Abū Yūsuf said: Allah is known through His signs and His creation, described by His attributes, and called by His names, in accordance with His descriptions in His Book and what His Messenger conveyed to His creatures.

Then Abū Yūsuf said: Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—created you and endowed you with faculties and bodily organs, some of which cannot do what others can. He moves you from one state to another so that you may recognize that you have a Lord. He has made your very self a proof against you concerning knowledge of Him: you come to know Him through His creation. Then He described Himself, saying: ‘I am the Lord; I am the Most Merciful; I am Allah; I am the All-Powerful; and I am the Sovereign.’ Thus, He is described by His attributes and called by His names. Allah Most High said:

‘Say, “Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful. Whichever name you call upon, to Him belong the most beautiful names.”’ 3

And He said:

‘And to Allah belong the most beautiful names, so call upon Him by them, and leave those who deviate concerning His names.’ 4

And He said:

‘To Him belong the most beautiful names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.’ 5

Allah has thus commanded us to affirm His oneness, and it is not

(1) Surah al-Nahl, verse 70. (2) Surah al-Dhāriyāt, verse 21. (3) Surah al-Isrā’, verse 110. (4) Surah al-A‘rāf, verse 180. (5) Surah al-Hashr, verse 24.

يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ﴾ ١، وقال: ﴿وَفِي أَنفُسِكُمْ أَفَلاَ تُبْصِرُونَ﴾ ٢ أي: تعلم أن هذه الأشياء لها ربٌّ يقلبها ويبديها ويعيدها وأنك مكون ولك من كونك. وإنما دل الله ﷿ خلقه بخلقه ليعرفوا أنَّ لهم رباً يعبدوه ويطيعوه ويوحدوه، ليعلموا أنه مكونهم، لا هم كانوا، ثم تسمى فقال: أنا الرحمن وأنا الرحيم وأنا الخالق وأنا القادر وأنا المالك، أي: هذا الذي كونكم يسمى المالك القادر الله الرحمن الرحيم بها يوصف. ثم قال أبو يوسف: يُعرف الله بآياته وبخلقه ويوصف بصفاته ويسمَّى بأسمائه كما وصف في كتابه، وبما أدَّى إلى الخلق رسوله. ثم قال أبو يوسف: إن الله ﷿ خلقك وجعل فيك آلات وجوارح عجز بعض جوارحك عن بعض وهو ينقلك من حال إلى حال لتعرف أنَّ لك رباً وجعل فيك نفسك عليك حجة بمعرفته تتعرف بخلقه، ثم وصف نفسه فقال: أنا الرب وأنا الرحمن وأنا الله وأنا القادر وأنا المالك فهو يوصف بصفاته ويسمى بأسمائه، قال الله تعالى: ﴿قُلِ ادْعُوا اللهَ أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمَنَ أَيّاً مَّا تَدْعُوا فَلَهُ الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى﴾ ٣، وقال: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا وَذَرُوا الذِينَ يُلْحِدُونَ فِي أَسْمَائِهِ﴾ ٤، وقال: ﴿لَهُ الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَهُوَ العَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ ٥، فقد أمرنا الله أن نوحده، وليس

١ سورة النحل، الآية ٧٠. ٢ سورة الذاريات، الآية ٢١. ٣ سورة الإسراء، الآية ١١٠. ٤ سورة الأعراف، الآية ١٨٠. ٥ سورة الحشر، الآية ٢٤.