al-Aʿrāf and its end, Surah al-Anʿām as a whole, and most surahs of the Quran. Indeed, every surah in the Quran encompasses both kinds of oneness. We may even make this universal statement: every verse in the Quran conveys oneness, bears witness to it and calls to it.
For the Quran either tells of Allah, His names, attributes and actions—this is oneness in knowledge and revelation—or calls people to worship Him alone, without partner, and to renounce everything worshipped besides Him—this is oneness in intent and pursuit. Or it lays down commands and prohibitions and requires obedience to Him in both: these are the duties entailed by oneness and the means of perfecting it. Or it tells of the honor Allah bestows upon those who affirm His oneness and obey Him, what He has done for them in this world, and how He will honor them in the Hereafter: this is the reward for affirming His oneness. Or it tells of those who associate partners with Him, the exemplary punishment He has inflicted upon them in this world, and the torment that will befall them in the Hereafter: this is an account of those who have departed from the dictates of oneness1.
Thus, the entire Quran concerns oneness, its duties and its reward, as well as associating partners with Allah, those who do so and their recompense. ‘All praise is due to Allah’ affirms oneness; ‘Lord of the worlds’ affirms oneness; ‘the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful’ affirms oneness; ‘Sovereign of the Day of Recompense’ affirms oneness; ‘You alone we worship’ affirms oneness; ‘and You alone we ask for help’ affirms oneness. ‘Guide us to the straight path’ affirms oneness and includes a plea for guidance to the path of those who uphold oneness, whom Allah has favored, ‘not of those who have evoked Your anger or of those who are astray’—those who have departed from oneness…”2.