and weighed the competing opinions, supporting his preference for one view over another with compelling evidence. He therefore rightly became the foremost imam of Quranic exegetes and the destination of all who sought knowledge of Quranic commentary.
[Al-Tabarī’s Sources]
The Quran was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who recited it to masters of eloquence and rhetoric. He explained to them the meanings they found difficult and the rulings stated only in general terms. People did not need the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to interpret the Quran for them verse by verse. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, the Companions transmitted his explanations among themselves through narration. They then conveyed them to the Successors, who in turn conveyed them to their own successors. Some Companions also expounded the Quran on the basis of what they had heard from the Messenger of Allah and what their own independent reasoning led them to conclude.
Ten Companions became renowned for Quranic commentary: the four caliphs, Ibn Mas‘ūd, Ibn ‘Abbās, Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, Zayd ibn Thābit, Abū Mūsā al-Ash‘arī, and ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (1). The Successors subsequently conveyed what they had received from them to their own successors through narration. At that time, Quranic commentary was not yet compiled in independent volumes; rather, it was recorded in chapters within hadith collections.
Since transmitted exegesis was the predominant feature of al-Tabarī’s commentary, he recorded the material of this kind that had reached him from compiled works of commentary: five routes of transmission from Ibn ‘Abbās, two from Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr, three from Mujāhid ibn Jabr, three from ‘Ikrima, two from al-Dahhāk ibn Muzāhim, and one from ‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ūd, together with the commentaries of ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn Zayd ibn Aslam, Ibn Jurayj, and Muqātil ibn Hayyān. This was in addition to the well-known hadith reports the work contains from exegetes and others. He included as many reports accompanied by chains of transmission as he needed,