Tafsir at-TabariIbn Jarir At-Tabari

I invoke Allah’s blessings and peace upon the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad—the bearer of glad tidings, the warner, and the radiant lamp—whom Allah sent as a mercy to all the worlds, made the Seal of the Prophets, and supported with the Wise Reminder. Through it, he demolished the arguments of the purveyors of falsehood and the doubts sown by the hypocrites. He raised the banner of truth—how high he raised it!—vanquished a falsehood that had long held sway, and explained the Quran to the Muslim nation with unsurpassed clarity.

Allah Most High says:

“We have sent down to you the Reminder so that you may explain to people what has been revealed to them, and perhaps they will reflect” (1).

He then entrusted his Companions with the duty of conveying the message after him, saying:

“May Allah brighten the face of one who hears a hadith from us, preserves it, and conveys it. A bearer of knowledge may convey it to someone who understands it better than he does, and a bearer of knowledge may himself lack understanding” (2).

They duly conveyed this trust to their Followers, and matters continued in this manner until Allah raised up eminent scholars to record his sunnah, for it explains the Book of Allah and clarifies those of its rulings that were stated only in general terms.

Allah Most High says:

“Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you from, refrain from it” (3).

Whoever denies his sunnah has indeed failed and suffered loss, casting the bond of Islam from his neck. May Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him and upon all his family and Companions.

To proceed: The book Jāmi al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān (The Comprehensive Exposition of the Interpretation of the Verses of the Quran) (4), by Abū Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Jarīr al-Tabarī, is the greatest and foremost of all works of Quranic exegesis. This is not merely because of its chronological precedence, but because it is unique in its field: no one before Ibn Jarīr produced anything comparable to it. Scholars of both earlier and later generations are unanimous on this point, and there is scarcely an exegete who has not drawn from al-Tabarī’s commentary. Ibn Jarīr was therefore, in truth, the leading authority among Quranic exegetes and the exemplar of interpreters. In his commentary, he combined transmitted reports with critical analysis. Alongside his exceptional attention to transmission-based exegesis from the Companions and the Followers, he treats it so comprehensively that he examines exhaustively

(1) Sūrat al-Nahl, verse 44. (2) Recorded by Abū Dāwūd (3660), al-Tirmidhī (2656), al-Nasā’ī in *al-Sunan al-Kubrā* (5847), Ibn Mājah (4105), Ahmad (21630), al-Dārimī (235), and Ibn Abd al-Barr in *Jāmi Bayān al-Ilm wa Fadlihi* (The Compendium on Knowledge and Its Merit) (184, 185). (3) Sūrat al-Hashr, verse 7. (4) In some manuscript copies of the work—namely, parts 2, 3, 8, 36, and 47—its title appears as *Jāmi al-Bayān an Ta’wīl Āy al-Furqān* (The Comprehensive Exposition of the Interpretation of the Verses of the Criterion).
وأُصلِّي وأُسلِّمُ على رسول الله محمد، البشير النذير، والسراج المنير، الذي أرسله الله رحمة للعالمين، وجعله خاتم النبيين، وأيَّده بالذكر الحكيم، فدحض به حجج المبطلين، وتشكيك المنافقين، فحمل للحق لواءً ما أرفعه، وأزهق باطلًا طال مرتعه، وبيَّن للأمة القرآن بيانا ما أنصعه، قال تعالى: ﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ (١) . ثم عهد بأمانة التبليغ من بعده إلى أصحابه فقال: "نضَّر الله امرأً سَمِع مِنَّا حديثًا فحفظه حتى يبلِّغه، فرُبَّ حامل فقه إلى من هو أفقه منه، ورُبَّ حاملِ فقه ليس بفقيه" (٢) . فأدَّوها إلى تابعيهم، ولم يزل الأمر على تلك الحال حتى قيَّض الله لها من فحول العلماء من دوَّن سنته؛ إذ هي شرح كتاب الله، وتبيين ما أُجْمل من أحكامه، قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا﴾ (٣) . فمن أنكر سنته فقد خاب وخسر، وخلع رِبْقة الإسلام من عنقه، فصلوات الله وتسليماته عليه وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين. أما بعد؛ فإن كتاب "جامع البيان عن تأويل آي القرآن" (٤) لأبي جعفر محمد بن جرير الطبري، هو أجل كتب التفسير قاطبة وإمامها، ليس لأوليته الزمنية فحسب؛ بل لأنه فريد في بابه، لم يسبق ابن جرير أحد إلى مثله، وعلى ذلك أجمع العلماء سلفًا وخلفًا، وما من مفسِّر إلا وقد اغترف من تفسير الطبري، فكان ابن جرير - بحق - إمام المفسرين وقدوة المتأولين. إذْ جمع في تفسيره بين الرواية والدراية، فمع عنايته الفائقة بالتفسير النقلي عن الصحابة والتابعين بدرجة يستقصى
(١) سورة النحل: الآية ٤٤. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود (٣٦٦٠)، والترمذي (٢٦٥٦)، والنسائي في الكبرى (٥٨٤٧)، وابن ماجه (٤١٠٥)، وأحمد (٢١٦٣٠)، والدارمي (٢٣٥)، وابن عبد البر في جامع بيان العلم وفضله (١٨٤، ١٨٥). (٣) سورة الحشر: الآية (٧). (٤) ورد عنوانه في بعض نسخ مخطوط الأصل "جامع البيان عن تأويل آي الفرقان"، وهي الأجزاء ٢، ٣، ٨، ٣٦، ٤٧.

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