Al-Risālah al-MadanīyahIbn Taimiya

Reports about the “hand” have been mass-transmitted in the Prophetic Sunnah as well.

From the totality of these texts it is understood that the Exalted has two hands that belong to Him alone, intrinsic to His being in a manner befitting His majesty; that He created Adam with His hand, unlike the angels and Iblis; that on the Day of Resurrection He will clasp the earth and roll up the heavens in His right hand; and that
“Both His hands are outspread” [5:64].

The outspreading of His hands denotes His boundless generosity and abundant giving, for giving is normally accompanied by extending the hand, whereas withholding is expressed by drawing the hand back to the neck. This has become an established idiom: when it is said, “So-and-so is open-handed (mabsūṭ al-yad),” a real hand is assumed, while the immediately understood sense is generosity or stinginess—just as Allah says,
“Do not keep your hand shackled to your neck, nor spread it out altogether” [17:29].
They likewise say: “So-and-so is jadd al-banān (tight-fingered)” and “sabt al-banān (loose-fingered).”

I said to him: Whoever affirms that Allah’s hand is not of the same kind as the creatures’ hands and that it is not a physical limb—he is correct. But whoever claims that He possesses no hand over and above the well-known seven attributes is in error and must face the four stages we mentioned earlier.

As for the first stage, he says: “Hand” can mean favor or gift, the cause being named after its effect, just as rain and vegetation are sometimes called “sky.” Hence they say, “So-and-so has many hands (i.e., favors).” Abu Ṭālib, when the Prophet ﷺ was absent, said:
O Lord, return to me my rider Muḥammad;
bring him back to me and confer on me a hand (a favor).
ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd said to Abū Bakr on the day of Ḥudaybiyyah: “Had you not a hand with me for which I have not yet requited you, I would have answered you.”

The word may also mean “power,” the effect being named after its cause, for one’s power is manifested through the movement of the hand. They say, “So-and-so has a hand in such-and-such.” Thus Ziyād said to Muʿāwiyah, “I have taken hold of Iraq with one of my two hands while the other is free,” meaning that half of his power sufficed to control Iraq. Likewise Allah says,
“In His hand lies authority over the marriage-bond” [2:237]—although marriage consists of spoken words, the verse means that he possesses the power to dissolve it.

Sometimes an action is attributed to the hand as a way of attributing it to the person himself, because most actions are performed with the hand; mention of the hand therefore signals that he performed it personally. Allah the Exalted says,
“Allah has certainly heard the statement of those who said, ‘Allah is poor while we are rich,’ … up to His saying, ‘That is because of what your own hands have sent ahead.’”

وقد تواتر في السنة مجىء اليد في حديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. فالمفهوم من هذا الكلام: أن لله تعالى يدين مختصتان به، ذاتيتان له، كما يليق بجلاله، وأنه سبحانه خلق آدم بيده دون الملائكة وإبليس، وأنه سبحانه يقبض الأرض ويطوى السموات بيده اليمنى، وأن {يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ} [المائدة: ٦٤] ومعنى بسطهما: بذل الجود وسعة العطاء؛ لأن الإعطاء والجود في الغالب يكون ببسط اليد ومدها، وتركه يكون ضمًا لليد إلى العنق، صار من الحقائق العرفية إذا قيل: هو مبسوط اليد فهم منه يد حقيقة، وكان ظاهره الجود والبخل، كما قال تعالى: {وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَى عُنُقِكَ وَلاَ تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ} [الإسراء: ٢٩] ، ويقولون: فلان جَعْد البنان وسَبْط البنان. قلت له: فالقائل إن زعم أنه ليس له يد من جنس أيدي المخلوقين، وأن يده ليست جارحة، فهذا حق. وإن زعم أنه ليس له يد زائدة على الصفات السبع، فهو مبطل، فيحتاج إلى تلك المقامات الأربعة. أما الأول، فيقول: إن اليد تكون بمعنى النعمة والعطية، تسمية للشىء باسم سببه، كما يسمى المطر والنبات سماء، ومنه قولهم: لفلان عنده أياد، وقول أبي طالب لما فقد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا رب رد راكبي محمدًا رده ... علي واصطنع عندي يدا وقول عروة بن مسعود لأبي بكر يوم الحديبية: لولا يد لك عندي لم أجزك بها لأجبتك. وقد تكون اليد بمعنى القدرة، تسمية للشىء باسم مسببه؛ لأن القدرة هي تحرك اليد، يقولون: فلان له يد في كذا وكذا، ومنه قول زياد لمعاوية: إني قد أمسكت العراق بإحدى يدي، ويدي الأخرى فارغة، يريد نصف قدرتي ضبط أمر العراق. ومنه قوله: {بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ} [البقرة: ٢٣٧] ، والنكاح كلام يقال، وإنما معناه أنه مقتدر عليه. وقد يجعلون إضافة الفعل إليها إضافة الفعل إلى الشخص نفسه؛ لأن غالب الأفعال لما كانت باليد جعل ذكر اليد إشارة إلى أنه فعل بنفسه، قال الله تعالى: {لَّقَدْ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّ اللهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاء} إلى قوله: {ذَلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ

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