On this view, we know that there is wisdom in everything He does. This suffices for us in general, even if we do not know the details. Our lack of knowledge of the details of His wisdom is akin to our lack of knowledge of the modality of His Essence. Just as we know that He possesses the attributes of perfection while the true nature of His Essence remains unknown to us, we must not deny what we know on account of what we do not know.
Likewise, we know that He is wise in what He does and commands. Our failure to discern the wisdom in certain particulars does not undermine what we know of His wisdom as a fundamental principle. We must therefore not deny what we know of His wisdom on account of the details that we do not know.
We know that someone who recognizes the expertise of those versed in arithmetic, medicine, and grammar, yet does not himself possess the qualifications by which they came to be experts in those fields, is in no position to impugn what they say merely because he does not understand its basis.
Allah’s servants are further from comprehending Allah and His wisdom in His creation than ordinary people among them are from understanding arithmetic, medicine, and grammar. Their objections to His wisdom therefore betray even greater ignorance and presumption to speak without knowledge than does an utterly unlearned layman’s criticism of arithmetic, medicine, or grammar without knowing anything about them.
This becomes clear from the fundamental principle concerning perfection that we have mentioned, namely: every perfection whose existence is possible and which contains no deficiency must necessarily be attributed to Him, and He must be declared free of whatever contradicts it.
It may therefore be asked: Is His creating a particular living creature and its act—which becomes the cause of its punishment—an absolute imperfection, or does the answer vary?
Moreover, if creating that entails a great wisdom that can be realized only through it, which is more perfect: bringing it about together with that great wisdom, or forfeiting that wisdom? And can the intended wisdom be realized without this occurring?
When a person reflects upon these matters, he will know that he cannot say that creating the act of a living creature which becomes the cause of its punishment is an absolute imperfection.