Al-Risālah al-AkmalīyahIbn Taimiya

This is the method of the heretics who have deviated concerning Allah’s names and verses, as well as those who have joined them in some of this. An example is the statement:

“The One is that which is indivisible.”

By “indivisible,” such a person means that no part of it is distinguishable from another. He also says:

“No attribute subsists in Him.”

They then claimed that this is what “the Unique” and “the One” mean in the Quran.

It is well known that every occurrence in the Quran of the terms wāhid and ahad, both denoting one—such as the words of Allah Most High:

{But if there is only one, she shall receive half} [al-Nisā: 11];

and His words:

{One of the two women said, “Father, hire him”} [al-Qasas: 26];

and His words:

{Nor is there anyone comparable to Him} [al-Ikhlās: 4];

and His words:

{If any one of the polytheists seeks your protection} [al-Tawba: 6];

and His words:

{Leave Me with the one whom I created alone} [al-Muddaththir: 11];

and similar passages—contradicts what they have asserted. These terms are applied to something that subsists in itself, can be pointed to, and has one part distinguishable from another. This is what they call a “body” in their terminology.

Likewise, when they say:

“All entities bearing attributes are alike, all bodies are alike, and all substances are alike,”

and seek to cite the words of Allah Most High:

{There is nothing like Him} [al-Shūrā: 11]

as evidence for denying the realities they have designated by these names in their newly devised terminology, this is a fabrication against the Quran. That is not what “likeness” means in the language of the Arabs, in the language of the Quran, or in any other language. Allah Most High says:

{If you turn away, He will replace you with another people, and then they will not be like you} [Muhammad: 38].

وهذه طريقة الملاحدة الذين ألحدوا في أسماء الله وآياته، ومن شاركهم في بعض ذلك، مثل قول من يقول: الواحد الذي لا ينقسم، ومعنى قوله: لا ينقسم، أي: لا يتميز منه شىء عن شىء، ويقول: لا تقوم به صفة. ثم زعموا أن الأحد والواحد في القرآن يراد به هذا. ومعلوم أن كل ما في القرآن من اسم الواحد والأحد، كقوله: تعالى: {وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ} [النساء: ١١] ، وقوله: {قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ} [القصص: ٢٦] ، وقوله: {وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أحَدٌ} [الإخلاص: ٤] ، وقوله: {وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ} [التوبة: ٦] ، وقوله: {ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًا} [المدثر: ١١] وأمثال ذلك، يناقض ما ذكروه، فإن هذه الأسماء أطلقت على قائم بنفسه مشار إليه، يتميز منه شىء عن شىء. وهذا الذي يسمونه في اصطلاحهم جسمًا. وكذلك إذا قالوا: الموصوفات تتماثل، والأجسام تتماثل، والجواهر تتماثل، وأرادوا أن يستدلوا بقوله تعالى: {لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ} [الشورى: ١١] على نفي مسمى هذه الأمور التي سموها بهذه الأسماء في اصطلاحهم الحادث، كان هذا افتراء على القرآن؛ فإن هذا ليس هو المثل في لغة العرب، ولا لغة القرآن ولا غيرهما، قال تعالى: {وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْا يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَكُمْ} [محمد: ٣٨] .

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