Those who claimed that realities have no need of definitions explained that the sheer essence of a thing can indeed be conceived without one. This is true—indeed, it holds for every reality: its undifferentiated essence can be grasped without a definition. Nevertheless, what is sought is to distinguish the referent of a given general term from everything else, or to differentiate the common meaning shared by its instances from meanings that fall outside it. Such discrimination is not always secured by merely conceiving the thing in an indefinite way or by envisaging some of its instances. Not everyone who forms an unrestricted notion thereby possesses a universal concept that separates it from other things—much less when he conceives of it only as a restricted, determinate particular. One may, for example, be certain in some contexts that an expression is a declarative statement, an imperative, or a piece of knowledge, yet remain in doubt in other contexts—just as one may waver over whether the belief held by a mere imitator actually conforms to reality, or over a command issued by an inferior to a superior, or over an order void of intent, and so forth.
Thus the inclusion and exclusion that constitute the goal of definition cannot be achieved by envisaging discrete particulars; what that provides is only a general apprehension of the essence. Whoever conceives of the thing merely as a particular does, to be sure, conceive it in a general way—albeit under qualification. Once he strips away that qualification, he can conceive it without condition, neither requiring that it be qualified nor requiring that it be unqualified.
As for this unqualified universal: does it, in extra-mental reality, form a component of the particular, or is it, in reality, nothing over and above the concrete particulars themselves? These are two views, whose exposition and decisive discussion have already been given.
Accordingly, one who conceives only a specific command, a specific statement, or a specific item of knowledge has apprehended things solely in their particularity; he has grasped the essence as particular—not as absolute, and not as universal.