Al-Radd ʿalā al-Manṭiqiyyīn - Ibn Taimiya - (538)

Al-Radd ʿalā al-ManṭiqiyyīnIbn Taimiya

…over these.’

And He said:

“as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner,”

—that is, one who promises reward and threatens punishment—and “a caller to Allah by His permission,” enjoining and forbidding as He commands.

The Exalted also says:

“Ask those of Our messengers whom We sent before you: Did We ever appoint, apart from the All-Merciful, any deities to be worshipped?” (Qur’an 43:45).

And He says:

“We certainly sent to every nation a messenger [proclaiming], ‘Worship Allah and shun the false gods.’ Some of them Allah guided, while others were destined to stray.” (Qur’an 16:36).

He likewise says:

“We never sent a messenger before you without revealing to him, ‘There is no deity but Me, so worship Me.’” (Qur’an 21:25).

Allah has informed us that the first of the messengers, Noah—peace be upon him—and all who came after him said to their peoples:

“Worship Allah; you have no god other than Him.” (Qur’an 7:59 et al.).

Noah also said:

“I do not say to you, ‘I possess the treasuries of Allah,’ nor do I know the unseen, nor do I claim to be an angel. Nor do I tell those your eyes look down upon that Allah will grant them no good. Allah knows best what is in their souls; were I to say otherwise, I would be among the wrongdoers.” (Qur’an 11:31).

Similarly, the Seal of the Messengers was commanded to say:

“Say, ‘I do not tell you that I possess the treasuries of Allah, nor do I know the unseen, nor do I claim to be an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me.’” (Qur’an 6:50).

Thus the mediation of a human messenger is like that of an angelic messenger, as Allah says:

“Allah chooses messengers from among the angels and from among mankind.” (Qur’an 22:75).

He also says:

“Indeed, it is the word of a noble messenger, endowed with power, secure with the Lord of the Throne, obeyed there and trustworthy.” (Qur’an 81:19–21)—this is Gabriel. Then He adds:

“Your companion is not mad.” (Qur’an 81:22).

His words “your companion” are paralleled in another verse:

“By the star when it descends, your companion has neither strayed nor erred.” (Qur’an 53:1–2).

على هؤلاء" وقوله: {مُبَشِّراً وَنَذِيراً} بالوعد والوعيد وداعيا إلى الله بإذنه بالأمر والنهى. وقال تعالى: {وَاسْأَلْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا أَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ دُونِ الرَّحْمَنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَ} وقال: {وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلالَةُ} وقال تعالى: {وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ} وقد اخبر الله عن أول الرسل نوح عليه السلام ومن بعده من الرسل أنهم قالوا لقومهم: {اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ} وقال نوح: {وَلا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلا أَقُولُ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ وَلا أَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ تَزْدَرِي أَعْيُنُكُمْ لَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ خَيْراً اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ إِنِّي إِذاً لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ} وكذلك قال لخاتم الرسل: {قُلْ لا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِللاَّ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيَّ} . فتوسط البشر بالرسالة مثل توسط الملك بالرسالة كما قال تعالى: {اللَّهُ يَصْطَفِي مِنَ الْمَلائِكَةِ رُسُلاً وَمِنَ النَّاسِ} وقال تعالى: {إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلُ رَسُولٍ كَرِيمٍ ذِي قُوَّةٍ عِنْدَ ذِي الْعَرْشِ مَكِينٍ مُطَاعٍ ثَمَّ أَمِينٍ} فهذا جبريل ثم قال: {وَمَا صَاحِبُكُمْ بِمَجْنُونٍ} وقوله: {وَمَا صَاحِبُكُمْ} كقوله في الآية الأخرى: {وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى}