Al-Radd ʿalā al-ManṭiqiyyīnIbn Taimiya

He, Exalted is He, also says with regard to the Day of the Trench:

“O you who believe, remember Allah’s favor upon you: when armies advanced against you, We sent against them a wind and forces you could not see, and Allah has full sight of all that you do.” (Q 33:9)

He likewise says:

“Allah has helped you on many battlefields, and on the Day of Hunayn, when your great numbers pleased you but availed you nothing and the earth, vast as it is, seemed to close in upon you so that you turned in retreat. Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and He sent down forces you did not see and chastised those who disbelieved—that is the recompense of the disbelievers—yet afterwards Allah turns in mercy to whom He wills.” (Q 9:25-27)

And He said when the Prophet set out for the Hijrah:

“If you do not support him, Allah has already supported him when the disbelievers drove him out, as one of two, when the two were in the cave and he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; Allah is indeed with us.’ Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon him and strengthened him with forces you did not see, and He made the word of the disbelievers the lowest, while the word of Allah is the highest. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.” (Q 9:40)

Other kinds of accounts concerning the angels:

The Exalted has informed us about the angels, saying:

“I am placing a vicegerent on earth.’ They said, ‘Will You place therein one who will spread corruption and shed blood, while we glorify You with praise and proclaim Your holiness?’ He said, ‘I know that which you do not know.’ He taught Adam the names of all things; then He presented them to the angels and said, ‘Tell Me the names of these, if you are truthful.’ They said, ‘Glory be to You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed, You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.’ He said, ‘Adam, inform them of their names.’ When he had informed them of their names He said, ‘Did I not tell you that I know the unseen of the heavens and the earth, and that I know what you disclose and what you conceal?’” (Q 2:30-33)

He also says about them:

“They say, ‘The All-Merciful has taken a son.’ Glory be to Him! Rather, they are honored servants who do not speak before He speaks and who act only by His command. He knows what lies before them and what is behind them; they intercede only for those He approves, and they tremble in awe of Him. Whoever among them should say, ‘I am a god besides Him,’ We shall requite him with Hell.” (Q 21:26-29)

How distant this characterization is from the assertion of those philosophers who claim that the First Intellect is the lord of all the higher and lower realms!

وقال تعالى في يوم الخندق: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحاً وَجُنُوداً لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيراً} . وقال تعالى: {لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئاً وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُوداً لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ} . وقال عند خروجه للهجرة: {إِلاّ تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ} أنواع أخر من أخبار الملائكة: وقد اخبر سبحانه عن الملائكة بقوله: {إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لا تَعْلَمُونَ وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَؤُلاءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ لا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلاَّ مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ فَلَمَّا أَنْبَأَهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ} . وأخبر عنهم سبحانه بقوله تعالى: {وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَلَداً سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ لا يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاَّ لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى وَهُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ وَمَنْ يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلَهٌ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَذَلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ} فأين هذا النعت من قول هؤلاء المتفلسفة الذين يدعون أن العقل الأول رب جميع العالمين العلوي والسفلي

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