…by the prophets as nothing more than subjective imagination; they maintain that the angels and the speech of Allah conveyed by them are nothing but the images and sounds formed in the Prophet’s own mind, just as a sleeper pictures things in a dream. In their view these are merely passing accidents inhering in the Prophet himself: there is, for them, no external angel at all, nor any speech that an angel brought down from Allah.

Everything they deny in this matter rests on pure ignorance. They brand as false whatever lies beyond the reach of their knowledge and whose interpretation has not yet come to them—although most of the greatest philosophers actually affirmed these realities. Likewise, the foremost physicians—Hippocrates, for instance—acknowledged the jinn, dividing epilepsy into two kinds: one caused by humoral imbalance and another caused by the jinn. He remarked of certain remedies, “This benefits the epilepsy treated by physicians, not the epilepsy treated by the keepers of the temples,” and it is reported that he said, “Our medicine, compared with the medicine of the temple-keepers, is like the medicine of old women compared with ours.” A fuller treatment of such points belongs elsewhere.

What concerns us here is that the corrupt logical principle they have embraced—that whatever one cannot prove to exist must be deemed nonexistent—has plunged them into such ignorance and unbelief that they are now worse off than the disbelievers among the Jews and Christians. Ibn Sīnā and those who follow him claimed that the causes of the marvels witnessed in the world are either celestial forces, psychic forces, or natural forces. Yet the magicians and makers of talismans among them know from uninterrupted, widespread experience that the jinn exist and assist them in producing extraordinary feats—knowledge that is common among them, to say nothing of what the Muslims and other religious communities know, and still less of what is known about the angels and the tasks Allah has assigned to them in managing affairs, as He says of them:

“By those who direct the affair,”

and He says:

“By those who apportion the affair.”

All scholars of the early generations and later authorities agree that these verses speak of the angels; none of the Salaf ever said they refer to the stars.

Thirteenth Point
Their method fails to distinguish between truth and falsehood, in stark contrast to the way of the prophets.

Thirteenth Point (continued)
One may say: in their terminology, for a proposition to be demonstrative simply means that it is known…