That is an unjust, not a just, judgment, for it equates things that are different. Allah says:
“Shall We treat those who believe and do righteous deeds like the corrupters on earth? Or shall We treat the God-fearing like the wicked?” (Qurʾān 38:28)
And regarding the equal treatment of those who are truly alike, He says:
“Are your disbelievers better than those [who were destroyed before you], or do you have an immunity recorded in the Scriptures?” (Qurʾān 54:43)
He also says:
“Or did you think you would enter Paradise while there had not yet come to you the like of what befell those who passed on before you? They were afflicted by hardship and adversity, and were shaken….” (Qurʾān 2:214)
The Qurʾān is filled with such passages, yet this is not the place to catalogue them. The purpose here is simply to point out the nature of the rational Balance and to affirm that it is real, as Allah has declared in His Book. It is not confined to Greek logic, though Greek logic does contain a portion of it. Rather, it consists of the sound forms of reasoning that treat like things alike and distinguish between things that differ, whether these are cast in the form of a universal syllogism or in the form of analogical example. The analogical form is primary and more complete. The Balance is the shared measure, the common denominator—the middle term.
Allah’s sending down the Balance with the messengers is like His sending down faith—the Trust—with them; faith could only be attained through them. The Exalted says:
“Thus We have revealed to you a spirit from Our command. You did not know what the Book was, nor what faith was, but We made it a light by which We guide whom We will of Our servants, and truly you guide to a straight path.” (Qurʾān 42:52)
In the two Ṣaḥīḥs it is related from Ḥudhayfah ibn al-Yamān that he said:
“The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) told us two reports. I have witnessed one of them and I am awaiting the other. He informed us that the Trust descended into the roots of men’s hearts; they then learned it from the Qurʾān and they learned it from the Sunnah. He also informed us about the removal of the Trust.”
He said:
“A man will sleep, and the Trust will be lifted from his heart, leaving behind a trace like a tiny spot. Then he will sleep again, and the Trust will be lifted from his heart, leaving behind a trace like a blister—like an ember that you roll across your foot until it raises a bubble: you see it protruding, yet there is nothing inside it.”
Thus, this ḥadīth makes clear