Their Attempt to Oppose the Innate Disposition and the Teachings of the Messengers:
By such corrupt methods they seek to drive people away from the certainties ingrained in their very nature, the sound rational proofs, and the divine reports conveyed by the Messengers concerning God Most High and the Last Day.

They ascribe to the Lord of the worlds a mode of existence that necessarily combines two contradictories, thereby rejecting both clear reason and authentic revelation. They say, for example, “He is neither separate from creation nor in contact with it, nor can He be pointed to,” and other purely negative propositions with which they describe the Lord of the worlds. None of these statements attribute to Him any perfection; rather, things that are non-existent or even impossible share in such descriptions, which in fact imply that the One so described is non-existent—indeed impossible.

They would elevate these false propositions and corrupt imaginings into supposedly rational first principles, with which they oppose the verses Allah sent down with His messengers, the innate nature upon which He fashioned His servants, and the conclusive rational proofs that admit of no doubt.

For this reason the giants among the ancient philosophers—and many of the later ones—rejected the doctrine of these deniers; they were closer to the prophets and the followers of the prophets than these negators from among the philosophers, the Jahmites, and the scholastic theologians, as I have detailed elsewhere.

My purpose here is merely to draw attention to the premises they conceded, by which they corrupted both the rational and the revealed sciences. Reason is built upon the soundness and integrity of the innate disposition, while revelation rests upon believing the prophets—peace be upon them.

The Prophets’ Instruction Brings Together Both Rational and Revealed Proofs:
The prophets—may Allah’s blessings be upon them—perfected both aspects for humanity: they guided people to the rational evidences by which the divine truths accessible to reflection and inference are known, and they also informed them of the particulars of the unseen that human beings are incapable of knowing through reason and inquiry alone.