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As for His words, “That is because Allah is the Patron of those who believe,” it means that He is the Helper of the believers, whereas the disbelievers have no helper. And regarding His statement, “Then they will be returned to Allah, their true Patron” (al-Anʿām 6:62), this is because in the life of this world there are false lords. Such were the matters that led the heretics to entertain doubts.1
= This noble verse shows that Allah is the mawla (master-owner) of the disbelievers; a similar expression occurs in: “There, every soul shall experience what it sent ahead, and they will be returned to Allah, their true Mawla, and all that they used to fabricate will forsake them” (Yunus 10:30). Another verse seems, at first sight, to state the contrary: “That is because Allah is the Mawla of those who believe, whereas the disbelievers have no mawla” (Muhammad 47:11).
The resolution is that Allah’s being the mawla of the disbelievers refers to His absolute ownership and disposal of their affairs, whereas His being the mawla of the believers—exclusively—is a guardianship of love, guidance and victory. Allah knows best. See Dafʿ Iham al-Idtirab, 10/82.
(1) Al-Tabari, Tafsir, 7/218; 26/47; Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, 2/149; 4/188.
أما قوله:
{ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا}
يقول: ناصر الذين آمنوا، وأن الكافرين لا ناصر لهم.
وأما قوله:
{ثُمَّ رُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلاهُمُ الْحَقِّ}
[الأنعام: ٦٢]
لأن في الدنيا أرباب باطل. فهذا ما شكَّت فيه الزنادقة١.
= هذه الآية الكريمة تدل على أن الله مولى الكافرين، ونظيرها قوله تعالى: {هُنَالِكَ تَبْلُو كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا أَسْلَفَتْ وَرُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلاهُمُ الْحَقِّ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ} [يونس: ٣٠] .
وقد جاء في آية أخرى ما يدل على خلاف ذلك، وهي قوله تعالى: {ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ لا مَوْلَى لَهُمْ} [محمد: ١١] .
والجواب عن هذا: أن معنى كونه مولى الكافرين أنه مالكهم المتصرف فيهم بما شاء، ومعنى كونه مولى المؤمنين دون الكافرين أي ولاية المحبة والتوفيق والنصر، والعلم عند الله تعالى. انظر: دفع إيهام الاضراب "٨٢/١٠"
١ انظر: تفسير الطبري "٢١٨/٧" "٤٧/٢٦" وتفسير ابن كثير "١٤٩/٢" "١٨٨/٤".