Al-Rad 'ala al-JahmiyaAhmad Ibn Hanbal

Abu ʿAbd Allah said:
Whenever Ibn Abī Duʿād spoke to me I would not answer him, nor even turn toward what he was saying. Yet when Abū Isḥāq addressed me, I would respond with gentleness and ease.

He went on:
Abū Isḥāq said to me, ‘If you will answer me, I shall come to you with my entire household and retainers; I shall trample upon your carpet; and I shall demean¹ your name. O Aḥmad, fear Allah regarding yourself—O Aḥmad, by Allah, by Allah!’

Abu ʿAbd Allah said:
He did not understand and did not know; he thought their position was sound, and kept saying, ‘O Aḥmad, I am only concerned for your welfare.’

So I replied, ‘Commander of the Faithful! Here is the Quran and the hadiths and reports of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Whatever proof has become clear to me, that is the position I have taken.’

He said: at that point each of them began to speak.

He said: then Ibn Abī Duʿād and his supporters were left without an argument, and he swore, ‘By Him in whose hand is no god but He, if he were to agree with you it would be dearer to me than one hundred, a thousand, even one hundred thousand—he repeated the numbers many times.’

Abu ʿAbd Allah said:
Among the evidences I presented to them that day was my saying, ‘Allah, Mighty and Exalted, says: “Unquestionably, to Him belong the creation and the command” (al-Aʿrāf 7:54).’

That was because they had asked me, ‘Is not everything beneath Allah created?’ I answered, ‘There is a difference between creation and command. Whatever is below Allah is created, but the Quran—His speech—is not created.’

They responded, ‘Yet Allah, Mighty and Exalted, says: “Our only word to a thing, when We intend it, is: Be …”’

(1) Al-Ibanah, vol. 2, p. 253, reads: “wa la nuhin” (nor do we weaken). The wording I have cited above is the correct one.
أبو عبد الله: وكان إذا كلمني ابن أبي دؤاد لم أجبه ولم ألتفت إلى كلامه، فإذا كلمني أبو إسحاق، ألنت له القول والكلام. قال: فقال لي أبو إسحاق: لئن أجبتني لآتينك في حشمي وموالي، ولأطأن بساطك: ولأنوهن١ باسمك، يا أحمد! اتق الله في نفسك، يا أحمد! الله الله. قال أبو عبد الله: وكان لايعلم ولايعرف، ويظن أن القول قولهم، فيقول: يا أحمد إني عليك شفيق. فقلت: يا أمير المؤمنين! هذا القرآن وأحاديث رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وأخباره، فما وضح من حجة صرت إليها. قال: فيتكلم هذا وهذا. قال: فقال ابن أبي دؤاد انقطع وانقطع أصحابه: والذي لا إله إلا هو؛ لئن أجابك لهو أحب إلي من مائة وألف ومائة ألف عددًا مرارًا كثيرة. قال أبو عبد الله: وكان فيما احتججت عليهم يومئذ، قلت لهم: قال الله عز وجل: {أَلا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالأَمْرُ} [الأعراف: ٥٤] ، وذلك أنهم قالوا لي: أليس كل ما دون الله مخلوق؟ فقلت لهم: فرق بين الخلق والأمر، فما دون الله مخلوقًا، أما القرآن، فكلامه ليس بمخلوق. فقالوا: قال الله عز وجل: {إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ
١ في الإبانة "٢٥٣/٢": ولا نوهن. وما ذكرته هو الصواب.

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