Second: Tawḥīd of Divinity
Introduction
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Second: Tawḥīd of Divinity.

Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah (monotheism of divinity) is to single out Allah, exalted be He, with every form of worship. The word al-ulūhiyyah itself means “worship,” and al-ilāh means “the One who is worshipped”; hence this branch of tawḥīd is also called Tawḥīd al-ʿIbādah (the oneness of worship).

Linguistically, ʿibādah (worship) denotes humility and submission. The Arabs say “ṭarīq muʿabbad”—a well-trodden road—when it has been flattened by many feet.

As for its legal, technical sense, the scholars have worded it in different ways while agreeing on the substance. A group of them defined it as every matter that the Law has commanded, irrespective of prevailing custom