the Tremendous Throne?’ they will surely reply, ‘Allah.’ 1

This admission is repeated time and again in the Quran: Allah reports that the idolaters acknowledge His Lordship and that He alone creates, provides, gives life, and causes death.

No one has rejected the oneness of Lordship or denied the Lord Himself except a few eccentric individuals among mankind. Outwardly they feigned disbelief, yet within their souls and in the depths of their hearts they recognized Him; their denial was nothing but stubborn arrogance. Allah relates that Pharaoh declared, “I know not that you have any deity other than me.” 2 Moses nevertheless said to him, “You surely know that none has sent down these signs except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as clear proofs.” 3 And the Most High says, “They rejected them, though their own selves were convinced of them, wrongfully and arrogantly.” 4

These deniers possess no evidence for their refusal; it is mere obstinacy. The Most High says, “They say, ‘There is nothing but our worldly life: we die and we live, and nothing destroys us but time.’ Yet they have no knowledge of that; they are only conjecturing.” 5 Their rejection rests on no knowledge, no revelation, no reason, and no innate disposition.

Indeed, the universe itself and the events that take place within it testify to Allah’s oneness and His Lordship, for every created thing must have a Creator and every event a Causer. Allah says, “Were they created out of nothing? Or are they the creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth?” 6

A poet expressed it well:

In every thing there is a sign
That tells of His being One.

When faced with this undeniable truth, the deniers of the Creator wavered in their replies: