al-Mukhtārah, on the authority of ʿAlī (may Allah be pleased with him), who related that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) recited the verse, “And you make your provision that you deny” (Q 56:82), and explained: “That is, you make your gratitude. You say, ‘We were rained upon by the rising of such-and-such, by such-and-such stars.’”
Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḥasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said, “This is the best interpretation of the verse. It has been transmitted from ʿAlī, Ibn ʿAbbās, Qatādah, al-Ḍaḥḥāk, ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī and others, and it is the view held by the majority of exegetes.”
Abū Mālik al-Ashʿarī (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Four practices of the Age of Ignorance my nation will never abandon: boasting of lineage, disparaging other people’s ancestry, soliciting rain through the stars, and wailing over the dead.” The term “Age of Ignorance” here refers to the era before the Prophet’s mission, and everything that conflicts with what the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) brought is, by definition, ignorance.
Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) commented on this ḥadīth: “The Prophet informed us that some customs of the Age of Ignorance will persist among the people, condemning those who cling to them. This indicates that every practice inherited from that period is blameworthy in Islam; otherwise there would be no reproach in ascribing these misdeeds to the Age of Ignorance. It is evident that such attribution is meant as a censure, just as the Almighty says, ‘And do not display yourselves as in the former Age of Ignorance’ (Q 33:33).1 That verse censures wanton display and censures the condition of the earlier Ignorance, which implies a general prohibition against resembling them…”
His statement in the ḥadīth, “soliciting rain through the stars,” means attributing rainfall to a particular nouʾ—namely, the setting of a star—by saying, “We were rained upon by such-and-such a star.”
The ruling on seeking rain through the anwaʾ is as follows: if a person believes that the star itself exerts an influence in bringing down the rain, this is major shirk and outright disbelief—the creed of the pre-Islamic Arabs. If, however, he does not believe the star has any inherent effect and affirms that Allah alone is the true Agent, but merely mentions that rain customarily coincides with the setting