false testimony with unbelief, saying: “So shun the filth of idols, and shun false speech” (Qur’an 22:30). The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and grant him peace) also said, “False testimony is one of the major sins,” and it is related from him: “The feet of a perjured witness will not move from where he stands until he has secured his seat in Hellfire.”

If two litigants agree to accept the testimony of a particular man and call him to witness, yet after he has testified the defendant rescinds his earlier consent, that retraction is valid and the testimony is rendered void.

The testimony of upright non-Muslims is not accepted—neither against those who share their religion nor against others. If the testimony of openly sinful Muslims is rejected, then all the more so is the testimony of disbelievers inadmissible against anyone. And Allah is the granter of success.