Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

Chapter: Conflicting Testimony and How It Collides

If one group testifies that a certain event occurred, while another group testifies that it did not, the testimony to be accepted is that of those who affirm the occurrence, not that of those who deny it.
For instance, witnesses may state that a debtor has repaid what he owes, whereas other witnesses say he has not; or some may testify that a man did not slander another or acknowledge a debt, while others testify that he did slander him or did acknowledge it; or some may testify that he never pronounced a divorce, while others testify that they heard him do so.
In all these situations, and in every case resembling them, the decisive testimony is that of those who

باب الاختلاف في الشهادة وتعارضها إذا شهد قوم على شيء أنه كان وشهد آخرون أنه لم يكن فالشهادة شهادة من أثبت لا شهادة من نفى مثال ذلك شهند شهدوا أنه قضاه دينه وشهد آخرون أنه لم يقضه أو شهدوا أنه لم يقذفه أو لم يقر له وشهد آخرون أنه قذفه أو أقر له أو شهدوا أنه لم يطلق وشهدد آخرون أنهم سمعوه طلق فالشهادة في هذا كله وما كان مثله شهادة من

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