Ibn Abī Yaḥyā al-Wiqār further transmitted from Mālik that women may attest to the testimony of other women in every matter where women’s testimony is accepted—whether together with men or on their own—just as men may attest to the testimony of men. He said: the testimony of one woman to the testimony of another woman counts as a quarter of a testimony; the testimony of two women to the testimony of one woman counts as half a testimony; and the testimony of two women on its own equals one full witness, on the basis of which judgment is rendered together with the claimant’s oath in financial cases. All of this is al-Wiqār’s report, and it is the view embraced by Sahnūn.

A man is not obliged to attest to the testimony of anyone whose uprightness he does not know. If he does know the person to be upright and informs the judge of that status, his declaration of probity is valid and does not undermine his own testimony, provided he is himself qualified to make such an assessment.

If two men attest to the testimony of two earlier witnesses and the first pair later deny, forget, or retract their testimony, the testimony of the second pair is void. When two men declare two or more witnesses upright and testify on their behalf, they need not name each individual so long as they declare all of them upright collectively. If they fail to declare upright the person whose testimony they convey, the judge must inquire about him as though he were testifying before him directly.

The ruling concerning testimony-on-testimony in cases of illicit sexual relations will be discussed in the Book of Ḥudūd, Allah willing.