Al-Kāfī - Ibn Abd al-Barr - (2/859)

Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

right of pre-emption belongs to the donee nor to the beneficiary of the endowment—unless the donor or the endower himself chooses to join in the pre-emption of his partner’s share so that it becomes part of the endowment or the donation; otherwise he has no such right.

When the share subject to pre-emption is sold repeatedly, the pre-emptor may take it under whichever of the successive contracts he prefers. If he opts for the last sale, every earlier contract stands. If he chooses the very first sale, all subsequent contracts are void, whether the prices were identical or different; the choice of which price and which warranty he will accept lies entirely with him. Should he select an intermediate sale, the contracts that precede it remain valid, while those that follow are annulled.

When a quarter-share is held jointly by several partners, however many they are, and one of them sells his portion, they may all claim pre-emption if they wish, and the pre-empted share is then allotted among them in proportion to their respective holdings. If only one partner claims pre-emption while the others waive it, and he wishes to take no more than the measure of his own share, he may do so only with the purchaser’s consent. The purchaser may compel him either to take the whole share or to abandon it, for the purchaser’s contract is not to be divided.

Suppose a house is owned by two men and one of them is absent. The present partner sells his share, and thereafter the absentee sells his own share. If the absentee then exercises pre-emption over the portion first sold, his claim is valid, for the right of pre-emption accrued to him the day his partner sold, and the fact that his own sale came later does not harm his claim. Once he pre-empts, ownership of the house is divided between him—although he had already sold his share while away—and the buyer of that share; neither the present partner nor his purchaser may claim pre-emption over what the absentee sold once the latter has taken his right, as just described.

Ibn al-Qāsim and a number of Mālik’s companions said: the absentee and the present are equal in this matter, and the knowledgeable

شفعة للمتصدق عليه ولا للمحبس عليه إلا أن يشاء المحبس أو المتصدق أن يستشفع حصة شريكه على أن يلحق ذلك بالحبس أو الصدقة والا فلا شفعة له وإذا بيع السهم الذي فيه الشفعة مرارا فللشفيع أن يأخذ بأي الصفقات شاء فإن أخذه بالصفقة الأخيرة صحت الصفقات التي قبلها وان أخذه بالصفقة الأولى بطلت الصفقات التي بعدها اتفقت الأثمان أو اختلفت والاختيار إليه في العهدة والثمن وان أخذه بصفقة وسطا صح ما قبلها من الصفقات وبطل ما بعدها والشركاء في الربع وان كثروا إذا باع أحدهم حصته يشفع جميعهم أن شاؤا والشفعة بينهم على قدر حصصهم من الملك فإن طلب واحد منهم الشفعة وتركها الباقون وأراد أخذ مقدار حصته من الشفعة لم يكن ذلك له الا برضى المشتري وللمشتري أن يجبره على أخذ الكل أو الترك لأنه لا تفريق عليه في صفقته وإذا كانت دار بين رجلين أحدهما غائب فباع الحاضر حصته ثم باع الغائب حصته من بعد بيع الحاضر فان استشفع الغائب بشقص الحاضر كان ذلك له لأن الشفعة وجبت له يوم باع شريكه الحاضر حصته ولا يضره أن يكون ذلك بعد بيعه لحصته لأنه استحق الشفعة قبل ذلك في حين بيع الحاضر لنصيبه فإن شفع صارت الدار بين الغائب الذي باع حصته في مغيبه وبين مشتري حصة الغائب ولا يكون للحاضر ولا لمن اشترى منه شفعته فيما باع الغائب إذا شفع الغائب كما ذكرنا وقال ابن القاسم وطائفة معه من أصحاب مالك: الغائب والحاضر في ذلك سواء والعالم