Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

to the pledgee of the remaining half, and both debts then fall due, the entire collateral is sold for their benefit and they share the proceeds in proportion to their claims.
If only one of the two debts matures while the other has not, and the collateral can be divided, the share corresponding to the matured debt is sold and the other share is retained.
If it cannot be divided, the whole collateral is sold and each pledgee receives what he is owed.

Whoever pledges a female slave may not have sexual relations with her. If he does so with the pledgee’s permission and she becomes pregnant, the pledge is void. If he has intercourse without the pledgee’s permission and she does not conceive, the pledge remains in force. Should she conceive and the pledgor possess the means to pay, she becomes an umm walad (a slave who has borne her owner’s child) and the pledgor must pay the pledgee the amount for which she had been pledged. If the pledgor lacks the means, the woman is sold; the pledgee takes his due from the price, and any balance still owing is pursued from the pledgor as a personal debt. If her price exceeds the amount of the debt, a share of her equal to the debt is sold, while the remainder counts toward her status as an umm walad. The child is never sold, whether the father—the pledgor—is solvent or insolvent.

Should the pledgee himself have intercourse with her, he is guilty of fornication; the ḥadd (prescribed penalty) applies, the child is not ascribed to him, and any child she bears remains pledged with her and is sold when she is sold. If, however, the pledgor authorises the pledgee to have intercourse with her and he does so, then:
• If she does not conceive, the pledgee is liable for her full value, which the pledgor offsets against the debt he owes.
• If she conceives, she becomes an umm walad; in neither case is the ḥadd applied, yet the pledgee must still pay her value—exclusive of the child’s value—which the pledgor deducts from the outstanding debt.

When an owner pledges a male slave who is married to a female slave belonging to the same owner, the male slave may not have intercourse with her until he is released from the pledge. The same ruling applies if the female, rather than the male, is pledged: her husband may not approach her. Likewise, if the owner pledges a female slave to his own slave, that slave may not have intercourse with her until his master redeems her from the pledge. If both husband and wife are pledged together, their conjugal relations remain permissible.

Whoever owes another man two debts—one secured by collateral and the other unsecured

مرتهنه نصفه الآخر وحل الحقان بيع لهما جميعا وكانا فيه سواء فإن حل حق احدهما ولم يحل للآخر وكان الرهن مما ينقسم قسم فبيع للذي حل حقه نصيبه وأمسك نصيب الآخر وإن كان مما لا تمكن قسمته بيع الرهن كله وقضي المرتهنان جميعا حقوقهما ومن رهن أمة لم يجز له وطؤها فإن وطئها بإذن المرتهن وحملت بطل رهنها وان وطئها بغير إذنه فلم تحمل فهي رهن بحالها فإن حملت وله مال كانت له ام ولد ودفع للمرتهن حقه الذي ارتهنها به وان لم يكن له مال بيعت الامة عليه وقضى المرتهن حقه من ثمنها فإن فضل من حقه شيء اتبعه به دينا في ذمته وان كان ثمن الامة اكبر من ثمن الحق بيع منها بقدر الحق وكان ما بقي بحساب أم الولد ولا يباع الولد بحال كان الاب الراهن موسرا أو معسرا ولو وطئها المرتهن كان زانيا وعليه الحد ولا يلحق به الولد وولدها رهن معها يباع ببيعها ولو احلها الراهن للمرتهن فوطئها ولم تحمل لزم المرتهن قيمتها وقاصه الراهن بها من حقه الذي عليه وان حملت منه كانت أم ولد ولا حد عليه في الوجهين ولزمته قيمتها دون قيمة ولدها يقاص ربها بها من حقه واذا رهن السيد عبدا له زوجة أمة لسيده لم يجز للعبد وطئها حتى يخرج من الرهن وكذلك لو رهن الامة دون العبد وهي زوجته لم يكن له وطؤها وكذلك لو رهن أمة لعبده لم يجز للعبد وطؤها حتى يفكها سيدها ولو كان العبد مرهونا مع زوجته كان له وطؤها ومن كان عليه لرجل دين برهن ودين بلا

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