by anyone else; the fact that the property is under lease does not lessen the pledge in any way. Some have asserted that, if the lease preceded the pledge, the pledgee’s taking possession would be invalid, but this opinion carries no weight.

If a man has another person irrigate his orchard and then pledges that orchard to someone else for the cost of the irrigation, there is no harm in it, though the pledgee ought to appoint, alongside the worker who tends the orchard, a second trustee.

Whoever sells an item and stipulates that the very item sold shall stand as collateral for the price until the payment falls due—this is permissible according to Mālik with respect to houses, land, real property, and all other goods, save for livestock, for such an arrangement is not allowed in their case. Some scholars have gone further and said that it is not permissible under any circumstances.