Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

constitutes the distilled position of the school.

It has also been said that such a stipulation benefits the borrower whenever there is a sound reason for it—for example, fear that the animal might be swept away by a dangerous flood, or any comparable risk of loss to loaned property that can be concealed or for which the borrower would otherwise be liable. Should the article perish, the borrower’s description of it is accepted, together with his oath, unless the owner produces evidence for the description he asserts.

If someone borrows an animal, seats a second rider on it, and the animal is ruined, the owner may choose between two courses: he may take compensation equal to the fare of that second rider and nothing more, or he may take the value of the animal at the moment the misuse occurred, in which case he is entitled to no hire—neither for that ride nor for the ride of the second passenger.

If a borrower and the owner dispute the destination for which the animal was taken and the animal has perished, the borrower’s statement prevails, provided it is plausible, together with his oath.

Should a person borrow an animal to ride for one mile but ride it for several, or borrow it for one day but keep it for several days, or otherwise exceed the agreed use, and then return it in the same or better physical condition, the owner is entitled only to the hire for the excess distance or time. He has no further option unless the animal is damaged; if that occurs, he may either take from the borrower the hire of a comparable animal for the period of overuse, with no claim to its value, or take its value at the very moment the transgression occurred, with no entitlement to any hire.

When a person borrows a mount or a slave for travel and later claims that the mount escaped or died, or that the slave died or absconded, his word is accepted under oath, and he bears no liability for the death or escape of the mount unless his falsehood becomes evident. Some jurists say that if he is not suspected, he is not required to swear. If he alleges

تحصيل المذهب وقد قيل ان شرطه ينفعه اذا كان لذلك وجه مثل الخوف على الدابة في السيل المخوفة ونحو ذلك من تلف من جميع العارية التي يغاب عليها او يضمنها مستعيرها فالقول قول المستعير في صفتها مع يمينه ان لم تكن لربها بينة على ما يدعيه من صفتها ومن استعار دابة فحمل عليها رديفا فعطبت الدابة فربها مخير في اخذ كراء مثل ركوب الرديف ولا شيء له غير ذلك وبين ان يأخذ بقيمة الدابة حين تعدى عليها ولا شيء له من الكراء في ركوبه ولا في ركوب الرديف ومن استعار دابة فاختلف هو وربها في الموضع الذي استعارها اليه وقد عطبت الدابة فالقول قول المستعير اذا جاء بما يشبه مع يمينه ومن استعار دابة ليركبها ميلا فركبها أميالا او ليركبها يوما فركبها اياما او اكثر مما استعارها ثم ردها على ما اخذها عليه او افضل في بدنها وحالها فليس لربها الا الكراء فيما زاد من المسير عليها ولا يكون له فيها خيار الا ان تعطب فيكون له الخيار بين ان يأخذ من المستعير كراء مثلها فيما تعدى يوم تعدى ولا قيمة له وبين أن يأخذ منه قيمتها ساعة تعدى عليها ولا كراء له فيها ومن استعار دابة او عبدا الى سفر فادعى انفلات الدابة او موتها او موت العبد او اباقه فالقول قوله مع يمينه ولا ضمان عليه في موت الدابة ولا انفلاتها الا ان يتبين كذبه وقد قيل انه ان لم يتهم لم يحلف وان ادعى

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