Al-Kāfī - Ibn Abd al-Barr - (2/803)

Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

and dirhams.

Should an adult or a minor trespass against wheat and barley that two men have deposited with another man and then mix the two grains together, the person who performed the mixing is liable for the full measure of wheat and the full measure of barley, each to its rightful owner. In this regard the minor and the adult are the same, for property is guaranteed when damaged unintentionally just as when damaged deliberately—unlike bodily offenses. If the minor has no property, the owners of the wheat and the barley follow the liability against him personally, unless they both agree to become partners in whatever portion of their foodstuffs has been mixed. In that case the owner of the wheat receives the value of his measure of wheat and the owner of the barley receives the value of his measure of barley; thereafter all of it is sold and they divide the proceeds proportionally. This is permissible for them, but it is not permissible for either of them to seize the entire mixture and merely guarantee his companion the measure of his grain; only the transgressor himself may do that. Such is the position of Mālik and his associates.

If someone misuses a deposit in his care, consumes it, and then replaces it in its original place, and the deposit consists of dinars, dirhams, food, or any commodity sold by measure or weight, and it is subsequently lost, he bears no liability. The same applies if he removed part of it, left part, and it later perished: he is liable neither for what he returned nor for what remained. However, if the deposit consisted of clothing or other merchandise and he transgressed in regard to it, then replaced it with something identical in the same spot and it was later destroyed, he is liable from the moment he transgressed. Ibn Wahb related from Mālik—and a group of Mālik’s companions concurred—that he is liable only for the portion of the deposit he actually removed; according to this report, dinars, dirhams, and all other items are treated alike if they perish after being returned.

The trustee is believed in any claim he makes that the deposit has been lost; his word prevails at all times even without corroborating evidence. If suspicion attaches to him, he must swear an oath, and

والدراهم ولو عدا رجل او صبي على قمح وشعير مودعين لرجلين عند رجل فخلطهما كان على الذي خلطهما ضمان مكيلة القمح ومكيلة الشعير لربه والصبي والرجل في ذلك سواء وإن كان عمد الصبي خطأ فالأموال تضمن بالخطأ كما تضمن بالعمد وليست كالدماء فإن لم يكن للصبي مال اتبع رب القمح والشعير ذمته الا ان يرضيا أن يكونا شريكين في كل ما خلط من طعامهما فصاحب القمح بقيمة مكيلة قمحه وصاحب الشعير بقيمة مكيلة شعيره ثم يباع جميعه فيقتسمان ثمنه على الحصص فذلك لهما ولا يجوز أن يأخذه أحدهما ويضمن لصاحبه مكيلة طعامه وإنما يجوز ذلك للمعتدي وحده هذا مذهب مالك وأصحابه في ذلك ومن تعدى في وديعة عنده فاستهلكها ثم ردها مكانها فإن كانت دنانير أو دراهم أو طعاما أو نحو ذلك يكون مما يكال أو يوزن وضاعت فلا شيء عليه وكذلك أن اخذ البعض وأبقى البعض وتلف فلا ضمان عليه لا فيما رد ولا فيما بقي ولو كانت الوديعة ثيابا أو سائر العروض فتعدى فيها ثم رد مثلها سواء في موضعها وتلفت فهو ضامن من ساعة تعدى وروى ابن وهب عن مالك وقال به جماعة من اصحابه أنه ضامن لما أخذ من الوديعة فقط وفي هذه الرواية الدنانير والدراهم وغيرهما سواء اذا تلفت بعد ردها والأمين مصدق فيما يدعيه من تلف الوديعة والقول قوله ابدا وإن لم يأت بما يستدل عليه وإن اتهم حلف وإن