Chapter on Partnership in Cultivation

A cultivation partnership is valid only when there is parity in the land, the seed, and the labor. Exact equality in the portions themselves is not required, so long as the value of the labor matches the customary rent of the land and the produce is divided in proportion to the seed contributed. It is permissible for one partner’s share to be larger when all three elements—land, ploughing, and seed—are pooled together, provided the crop is apportioned according to each partner’s seed contribution.

It is invalid for one party to contribute the land while the other supplies only the seed. However, if both partners jointly lease or purchase the land, it is acceptable for one to provide the seed and the other the labor, provided the two contributions are of equivalent value.

Should they agree that one supplies the seed and the other the land and they cultivate on that basis, the crop is divided equally between them: the landowner must bear half the quantity of seed, and the seed-owner must bear half the land’s rental value.

Similarly, if two men join in planting a crop such that the land belongs to one of them while the ploughing is undertaken by the other