while a number of his other companions shared that judgment. Some of his students, however, together with a group from Madinah, regarded it as permissible, and this is the view that is actually practiced.

If the contract is concluded for the general upkeep of the mosque—managing its affairs, giving the adhān, and pronouncing the iqāmah—then, according to Mālik and the scholars of the Ḥijāz, there is no dislike in the matter.

Mālik’s statements differ concerning the validity of hiring a physician on condition of the patient’s complete recovery: at one time he allowed it, and at another he said it is only permissible when limited to a specified period.

Mālik disliked taking payment for teaching jurisprudence, grammar, poetry, or prosody. He further said, “As for singing and every sort of diversion, teaching it is unlawful whether for a fee or without one.”

It is impermissible for anyone to lease his wine-press, his animal, or his ship to a person who produces or transports wine. If he does so, whatever rent he has received is taken from him, given in charity, and he is disciplined for the act; and if he has not yet collected the rent from the Christian, the court will not award him any of it. The same ruling applies if he rents out his house, his shop, or a piece of his land to someone who sells wine there.

There is no objection to receiving payment for representing another in litigation to secure a rightful claim or collect a debt, so long as the hired party does not strive to nullify a right or establish a falsehood. Should he do that, both his action and the compensation he takes for it are unlawful.

Likewise, there is no harm in the fee of the broker, the cupper, the court-appointed divider of shares, or the bathhouse keeper.